High Precipitation Rainforests receive abundant rainfall, often exceeding 2,000 millimeters (80 inches) annually.

High Biodiversity Rainforests are known for their exceptional diversity of plant and animal species, with a myriad of species coexisting in a single ecosystem

Canopy layer Rainforests have a dense canopy of trees that forms an intricate, multilayered structure, creating a unique and complex environment.

Warm Temperatures Rainforests typically have warm temperatures throughout the year, with minimal temperature variations.

Rich Soil Despite high rainfall, rainforest soils are often nutrient-poor, as nutrients are rapidly absorbed by vegetation, emphasizing the importance of nutrient cycling in these ecosystems.

Biodiversity: Coral reefs are known for their incredible biodiversity, hosting a vast array of marine life, including various species of fish, invertebrates, and plants.

Colorful Ecosystems: The vibrant colors of coral reefs are a result of the symbiotic relationship between coral polyps and photosynthetic algae called zooxanthellae.

Fragile Structures: Despite their appearance of strength, coral reefs are delicate ecosystems. The hard calcium carbonate skeletons that form the reef structures are vulnerable to physical damage and are sensitive to changes in environmental conditions.

Global Importance: Coral reefs provide essential ecosystem services, such as shoreline protection, fisheries habitat, and tourism revenue, making them of global significance.

High Productiviy: Coral reefs are highly productive ecosystems, with a high turnover of organic matter and nutrients. tThis productivity supports the diverse life forms that inhabit the reefs.

1. Diverse Flora and Fauna: Forests are known for their rich biodiversity, hosting a wide variety of plant and animal species that are adapted to the specific ecological niches within the forest ecosystem.

2. Canopy Layers: Forests typically have distinct canopy layers, including the upper canopy, understory, and forest floor. These layers support different forms of life and contribute to the overall complexity of the ecosystem.

3. Photosynthesis: Forests play a crucial role in the global carbon cycle by absorbing carbon dioxide during photosynthesis, helping to mitigate climate change. Trees in forests are essential in storing carbon and producing oxygen.

4. Hydrological Importance: Forests contribute to the regulation of water cycles. Trees absorb and release water through a process called transpiration, affecting local and regional precipitation patterns and helping to prevent floods and droughts.