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Approach to Neurological Diagnosis - Coggle Diagram
Approach to Neurological Diagnosis
General Approach
Trio: Is it neurological?, Where it the lesion?, What is the lesion?
Localization
Upper Vs Lower
Upper
Weakness, increased tone, Hyperreflexia, Upgoing plantar reflex
Lower
Weakness, Atrophy, Decreased tone, Hyporeflexia, Downgoing plantar responses
Muscle Disease
Motor issues, Proximal Weakness, Symmetric weakness, Muscle wasting, Late hyporeflexia, High CK,
NMJ
Weakness, Fatiguability, Purely motor, Eyes and face, Normal reflexes, CK
Peripheral
Decreased tone, Muscle wasting, Anatomic Sesnsory loss, Stocking and glove sesnory lsos, Abnormal NCS
Brainstem
Coma, respiratory patterns, Crossed findings
Subcortical
White Matter: Hemisensory, Failure to spare trunk
Deep Gray Matter: Hemi body chorea, parkinsonism
Cortex
Alterations in mental status, Hemisensory or hemimotor disturbance, Often spares trunk, Cortical Sensory testing abnormal, hemianopsia, Cortical blindness, Agnosia, Apraxia, Frotal lobe symptoms
Cerebellum
Unilateral dysmetria, and dysdiadochokinesea, Scannign dysarthria, Lack of sensory, Lesions are ipsilateral, midline lesions affecting psoition and gait, pendular reflexes
Symptoms
Cerebral: Loss of consciousness, headache, seizure, cognitive disturbance, neglect, visual loss
Cranial Nerves: Vision (Blurred, Field Defect, Double), Hearing (deaf/tinnitus), vertigo, Swallowing, Speaking
Clinical Exams
Tests
Bloodwork, lumbar puncture, EEG, Nerve conduction studies, EMG, Sleep studies
Neuroradiology
XR, Myelography, CT, MRI, US, Angiography