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Marisa Alberto Period:3 Respiratory System - Coggle Diagram
Marisa Alberto Period:3 Respiratory System
volume and pressure relationships in thoracic cavity
thoracic expands due to surface tension
lungs fall to 2 mm below atmospheric pressure when muscle contraction
deep breath-requires contraction of several other muscles which enlarges the even more
atomospheric pressure is force that move air into lungs
Major functions of the respiratory system
external respiration- gas exchange between lungs and blood
gas transport-between the lungs and body cells
Ventilation/breathing- movement of air into and out of the lungs
internal respiration- gas exchange between blood and body cells
celluar respiration- production of carbon dioxide
mucous membranes-bronchial tree filter warm and humidify incoming air
internal vs external respiration
external for active breathing- internal intercostals, abdnomials, & quadratus lumborum
quiet breathing external- expiration results from passive, elastic recoil of the lungs and dib cage and diaphragm
internal accessory- sternocleidomastoid, scalenes group & pectoralis minor
principal internal- includes external intercostals, interchondral diaphragm (the dome descends whoch increases verticcal dimension of thorac cavity
Lower respiratory structures and functions
bronchial tree- are branched tubes that lead from trachea to alveoli
lungs- is a soft cone shaped organs that occupy a large portion of the throacic
trachea- tube that connects larynx with bronchial tree. (passageway for air) the mucous linong countines to filter particles incoing air
larynx-on top of trachea. Passageway for air as it prevents foreign objects from entering the trachea.
Respiratory volumes and capacities
inspiratory capacity- volume 3500mL(maximum volume) of air that can be inhaled following
functional residual capacity-volume 2300mL is the volume of air that remains in the lungs following exhalation
vital capacity 4600mL volume (maximum volume) of air that can be exhaled
total lung capacity-volume 5800mL is the total volume of air that the lungs can hold:
residual volume-1200mL volume is volume of air that remains in the lungs even after a maximal expiration
expiratory reverse volume-1100mL volume is maximal volume of airr can be exhaled at the end of a resting expiration
inspiratory reserve volume- 3,000mL volume is maximal volume of air can be inhaled at the end of a resting inspiration
tidal volume- volume 500mL is when volume of air moves in and out of the lungs during a respiratory cycle
Upper respiratory structures and functions
sinuses (hollow space in between nose)- reduces the weight of the skull. Serves as resonant chambers
pharynx (behind nasal cavity oral cavity and larynx)- passageway of the air that moves nasal cavity to larynx and food moving from oral cavity to the espohagus
nasal cavity (behind nose)- conducts air to pharynx the mucous lining filters, warms and moistens incoming air
nose (part of face centered above mouth and below space between eyes)- provides entrance to nostril, internal hair begins to filter incoming hair
compare and contrast the mechanism of inspiration and expiration
expiration
requires contraction of several other muscles
exhalation
diaphragm and external intercostal muscles relax & lungs recoil
inspiration
air moves from higher to lower pressure
inhalation
diaphragm contracts and moves downward
Layers of pleurae
partietal pleura- is the outer layer that lines the thoracic cavity
serous fluid- it lubricates the pleural cavity (between the layers)
visceral pleura- is the inner layer that is attached to the surface of the lung
Disorders of the respiratory system
Tuberculosis- (Bacterial infection in the respiratory system caused by mycobacterium) causes: contagious inhaling and alcohol abuse
Pneumonia -(bacterial or viral infection in the lungs) causes- exposure to infected indiviudals or viral infectipn
COPD- (chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder) causes chemical fume exposure and tobacco smoke
Lung Cancer- (uncontrolled cell growth and development in the lungs) causes: second had smoke or air pollution
Seasonal Flu- (a viral infection) causes- chronic illnesses or inhaled in respiratory