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demography - Coggle Diagram
demography
explanation for the declining death rate/increase in life expectancy
medical advances
improved living standards and nutrition
public health
improved maternity care
A03- death rates are not consistent across the country. There is a "postcode lottery" with people in deprived areas being more likely to die early.
Recently there has been a rise in death rates and a fall in life expectency which is because of austerity cuts, the NHS is struggaling with budget cuts and rising health conserns.
explanations for decreasing birth and fertility rates
changes in the position of women
women delay or dont have children, now women prioritise their career. They do this to minimise disruption to their careers. Radical feminists believe women opt out of motherhood to avoid being trapped in the role of mother and housewife.
changing social attitudes
Postmodernists belive indervidualism means people dont have children because of their own needs and desires rather than because society expects them to. There are also changing attitudes conserning contreception.
increased coast of having children
People are having fewer children in order to have a higher standard of living. The move to a child centred society and commercialisation of childhood has made it very expencive e.g. pester power
falling infant mortality
effects of decreasing birth and fertility rates on family structures
increase in one person and shared households
more two person households
increase in beanpole families
state policies introduced in responce to an ageing population
increase the pension age
=less support with childcare
bedroom tax
= poorest hit the hardest
care int he community
= women take on care responsibilities
effects of an ageing population on family structures
increase in beanpole families
more one person households
increase in reconstituted families
effects of migration on family and households
young male migrants= increase in multi-person households
Jamaican migrants= high proportion of single parent families
South Asian families= large households, containing extended families
The dependency ratio is the proportion of of whe population who are dependent and those who are not working
Impact of the increased dependency ratio
increase in the pension age
strain on the NHS