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Gero Pathophysiology Map - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Cells are not able to effectively use glucose as energy and perform normal actions, which leads to clinical manifestations and elevated blood glucose levels.
      - The pancreas must overwork itself to keep up with the increased demands of insulin within the body due to this resistance.
        
        Beta cells begin to fail in producing enough insulin necessary.
        
        B-cell dysfunction leads to insulin production declining and the cells are unable to utilize and maintain glucose and must breakdown fats.
        
        Promotes elevated blood glucose levels
  - - - Indication that a person is overweight
    - - Activity stimulates use of glucose as energy and increases cell sensitivity to insulin
    - - This is due to shared genetic factors, but mostly is related to lifestyle. Many families each have their own way of living, which may effect the health and wellness of each individual.
        
        If some families are more into exercise, they have a better chance of increase glucose disposal and more effective insulin release
        
        Many families acquire different diets due to culture, taste, family recipes etc. This can change the ability for their bodies to use the carbs, fats, and proteins that have been consumed on a consistent basis. For example, some families eat potatoes with every meal, but this means that more insulin needs to be released to prevent a high serum glucose from the larger uptake of carbohydrates.
    - - Cause of increased risk in these populations is unknown
    - - Increase in processed meats, sweetened drinks, and a high sugar diet can cause an increase in glucose (sugar) in the bloodstream.
        
        The body and pancreas is going to respond by producing more insulin
        
        Pancreas can become so overworked, break down, and lead to an insufficient release of insulin in the body, causing a risk for type 2 diabetes
  - - - Glucose is transported into the blood via the kidneys and the SGLT-2 transporters.
        
        When the body is in a hyperglycemic state, the SGLT-2 transporters are saturated and cannot get excess glucose back into blood which causes the kidneys to excrete glucose in the urine.
    - - damaged blood vessels due to high blood sugar
    - - The lack of insulin sensitivity decreases the body's ability to move glucose into the cells (glucose is converted into ATP by the cells to be used as energy for metabolic processes)
        
        Cells are deprived of its energy source which causes the overall symptom of fatigue