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AGE OF REVOLUTION 1776-1837 - Coggle Diagram
AGE OF REVOLUTION
1776-1837
AMERICAN REVOLUTION
War of Independence
(1775-1783)
In 1775 America raised an army, lead by George Washington.
In 1776 (4th July) in Philadelphia the Congress met and signed the
Declaration of Independence
, written by Thomas Jefferson. It stated that the colonies were a
new nation
and it claimed that
all men were equal
, with the same rights such as the right to life, to freedom and to pursuit freedom.
George III vs American colonies
American colonies were rich, well populated, but started to get impatient of economic subordination to Britain:
American trade should be carried in British ships;
American colonies had to buy all manufactured goods from the home country;
American colonies stated that it was wrong to pay taxes to Britain when they had no right to elect their members at the Parliament.
Their motto was "
No taxation without representation
".
new colonies
India
: the Governor General controlled the whole of the Indian subcontinent
Australia
: the British explorer, Captain James Cook, discovered the new continent of Oceania and its biggest island, Australia, became an important British colony
Canada
: many British people emigrated there. Prime Minister William Pitt the Younger divided the country in 2 provinces (French-speaking and Catholic // English-speaking and Protestant)
Treaty of Versailles
(1783)
The British army was defeated and Britain recognised the independence of the colonies
The new republic of the United States of America adopted a
federal constitution
in
1787
George Washington
became the first President
SOCIAL REVOLUTION
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
FRENCH REVOLUTION
In
1789
Europe was shaken by the
French Revolution
This event was first greeted with enthusiasm by Britain
poets and intellectuals saw it as the triumph of truth and light.
The enthusiasm for the French Revolution broke down with the beginning of the
Reign of Terror
, when thousands of people, including King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette, were executed in France
British aristocracy were frightened by the French Revolution and were afraid of any social reforms
To prevent disorders, public meetings of workers were banned
In 1804 Napoleon crowned himself Emperor of France
Napoleon was defeated by the Duke of Wellington at Waterloo in 1815 (in 1805 the French navy was defeated by Admiral Horatio Nelson at Trafalgar)
He tried to destroy Britain's economic power by isolating it from the continent. However the superior strength of the British economy saved the country.
ROMANTIC REVOLUTION
The French Revolution had a huge impact and artists retained their belief expressed by the Revolution
ideological revolutionary spirit
artists and writers rejected ideologically all forms of
authority
conflicting with
human dignity and free choice
(criticism of social results of the Industrial revolution,...)
anarchism, socialism, feminism
artistic revolutionary spirit
expression of personal feelings vs Neoclassical composure --> nature (not classical models), Gothic elements