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PRACTICE METHODS - Coggle Diagram
PRACTICE METHODS
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CHAINING
same meaning as progressive-part practice (segmentation) a serial skill if often broken down into subroutines (links of a chain)
SEGMENTATION
involves splitting the skill into parts then practicing the parts so that after 1 part is practiced, it is with the next part (progressive-part practice)
PROGRESSIVE-PART
~chaining or segmentation
~skill broken down into subroutines, which are linked together one at a time, practicing inbetween adding links until practiced as a whole
~serial skills can be practiced in chains
~typically used with part and whole methods - to get a feel of skill & understand relationships between components
~helps performer remember links between sub-routines
PART PRACTICE
~often used for low organisational skills
~for skills which can be split into sub-routines (fractionalisation)
~if a complex skill, helps performer have a sense of the skill and achieve initial success, of basics then progressing onto more complex skills
~useful learning dangerous skills
~helps performer gain confidence by learning parts of skill
~better technique
~used to teach serial skills
~helps for difficult aspects of the skill
WHOLE PRACTICE
~not broken down into subroutines
~performer has a kinesthetic feel of skill
~easy transfer from practice to real life
~helps to execute skill fluently
~if a rapid/ballistic action, this helps components of skill to interact together
MASSED
~range of experiences
~relevant experiences stored in long-term memory - used to modify motor programs
~closed skill = practice should resemble conditions in "real life", irrelevant stimuli SHOULD be varied, relevant stimuli SHOULD NOT be varied
~open skill = each situation should be different, to draw strategies in long-term memory that's been in previous practice
DISTRIBUTED
~practice involves long rests between sessions, with "rest" including tasks unrelated to the activity (tasks should not lead to negative transfer)
~rest intervals can be used for mental rehearsal
~dangerous tasks: ensures mental & physical fatigue doesn't negatively effect the performer
WHOLE-PART-WHOLE
~attempt whole skill then break down into sub-routines then putting skill back together to practice as a whole skill again
~suited to low organisational skills or serial skills (sub-routines with distinct features)
~helps recognise strengths and weaknesses - to contrust errors
~helps performer understand kinesthetic sense
MASSED
~practice that involves short or no rest intervals within a practice session
~continuous training
~helps with discrete skills
FIXED
~stable and predictable environment
~suitable for closed skills, where environment does'nt affect the execution of the skill
~habitual movements
~few stimuli