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Zygote->Blastocyste (imprinted XCI of Xp) - Coggle Diagram
Zygote->Blastocyste (imprinted XCI of Xp)
trophectoderm(Hippo OFF => Cdx2, GATA3)=>TS cells
mural trophectodderm (Cdx2 down)
parietal yolk sac
trophoblast giant cells
polar trophectoderm (Cdx2 downregulation prevented by epiblast FGF signal)
trophoblast of the ectoplacental cone
extraembryonic ectoderm
chorion of the placenta
Inner cell mass(pluripotent=ESC & iPSC naive) ; Oct4=Pou5f1(<= Hippo ON)/Sox2 (<=Hippo ON) /Klf4/cMyc/Nanog
hypoblast=primitive endoderm=XEN cells (GATA4/6→FGFR)
Post-implantation: visceral endoderm(Foxa2) ; (BMP repress GATA4-6,Sox17)
visceral Yolk sac endoderm
adjacent to epiblast: Nodal expression => induce Nodal/Smad2 in VE => Embryonic VE: migrating DVE=early-AVE + late AVE (in the node) . F° pre-gastru : Cer1 antagonize Wnt/Nodal and repress PS formation anteriorly). F° post-gastru: head organizer through BMP2
AVE=>Prechordal plate +anterior head process
adjacent to extraembryonic ectoderm=>extraembryonic viceral endoderm
Pre-implantation : parietal endoderm ; GATA4/6, Sox17 => EMT
parietal yolk sac endoderm
primed epiblast=primtive ectoderm= EpiS cells (Nanog→FGF, Sox2, oct4, ) ; Xp reactivation then random XCI
BMP4 induceed activity of Nodal/Wnt signaling from extraembryonic ectoderm →primitive streak posteriorly
posterior/late PS(Wnt dpd) →posterior mesoderm (Bra,Tbx6, Cdx2) ≡ C-Gastruloid
axial progenitors: NMP cells at the node/streak border (T/Bra, Sox2) + LPMP cells at the Caudal Lateral Epiblast
mesodermal (Bra+,Sox2-)
paraxial=presomitic mesoderm= (tbx6, tcf15)
somitic mesoderm(Pax3): segemnted
skeletal muscle prog(Mesp1 uncomited ->Myf5 commited)
2 more items...
intermediate mesoderm(osr1)
reproductive system
lower urinary tract
kidney
lateral plate mesoderm
kidney(Pax2,Pax8)
endothelium/blood (Scl, Etv2, Lmo2)
limb skeleton (Tbx4/5)
smooth muscle (Hand1/2)
secondary neural tube => caudal spinal chord (Sox2+, Bra-)
axial progenitors: NotoP (Noto, Foxa2, Bra) => axial mesoderm= chordamesoderm
Notochorrd: trunk-tail organizer
intervertebral disks
early/anterior PS (ActivinA, Nodal dpd) => mesendoderm (Eomes) ≡ A-Gastruloids
cranio-cardiac mesoderm (not segmented)
cranial paraxial mesoderm(Tbx1/Pitx2)
head connective tissue (parietal)
chondroblast(sox5/6/9)=cartilage
osteoblast(Runx2, Osx)=bone
tenoblast(Mkx/Egr1/Scx)=Tendon
irregular CT cells(Tcf4/Tbx5/Osr1)=irregular Connective Tissue
dermis
cardiac progenitor (Mesp1)
posterior definitive endoderm(Sox17))
pancreatic progenitor
acinar cell Ptf1
ductal cell HNF6
endocrine progenitor Neurog3/Snail2
hepatic progenitor
intestinal progenitors
prostate
anterior definitive endoderm(Foxa2, Sox17))
thyroid progenitor
thymus progenitor
lung progenitor
extraembryonic mesoderm (not segmented)
chorion
visceral yolk sac
Allantois
Amnion
primordial germ cells
definitive ectoderm anterior( Pax6,Sox1)
BMP=> surface ectoderm=> epiderm
FGF from node=> neurectoderme/neural plate(Sox2)
organes sensoriels
RA=>tube neural: dorsal BMP from neural crest; ventral Nodal/Shh from notochord; lateral RA from somites
forebrain(Pax6)
dorso-ventral (floor, basal, alar, roof plates)
ventral signal form floor pplate/notochord: Shh => Nkx=> motor neurons
dorsal signal from roof plate/neural crest(BMP,Wnt) from non neural ectoderm=> Pax7, Msx1/2
antero-posterior : prosomere p1,p2,p3<=secondary organizer: ANR, , ISO
ZLI(p2/p3 boundary) secrete Shh=>Nkx
ANR: FGF8
ISO(midbrain/r1 boundary): FGF8, Wnt
telencephalon
subpallium(Dlx)=> basal ganglia(GABA neurons)
pallium (Emx1/2, Pax6, Tbr1)=> cortex, olfactory bulb (Glu neurons)
diencephalon
hypothalamus
epithalamus
dopaminergic neuron: ventral (FGF8 from ISO + Shh from notochord): Nurr1, Pitx3
thalamus(Gbx2, Lhx2/9)
midbrain
hindbrain
anterior spinal chord
BMP=>crête neurale(sox10;snail1/2)
head connective tissue occipital
peripheral nervous system
amniotic ectoderm
amniotic sac
placenta
Apoptosis : cells that do not segregate to PrE or epiblast