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Skin Disorders, skin can indicate state of overall health
No two skin…
Skin Disorders
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- Candida Albicans
- Superficial fungi
- Dermatophytes
- Tinea (ringworm)
- lesions, cosmetic changes to skin, hair, nails
- Invasive fungi can cause septicemia
- Diagnosis
- microscopic examination
- Wood's light
- Treatment
- superficial
- systemic antifungal agent
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Disorders of the skin, blood and lymphatic vessels
- skin can indicate state of overall health
- No two skin disorders present the same
- Scratching
- swelling
- infection
- self treatment
(all may alter appearance)
- Temp. control
- Barrier protection
- Secretion and absorption
- Vit D production
- Immunological surveillance
- Mirror for internal disease process
- Indicator of overall health
- Scan initially from 4-6 feet distance
- Palpate lesions with gloved hand
- Describe/measure any lesions
- Use of UV wood's light
- initial appearance of the lesion
- Symptoms associated with its eruption
- History of allergies
- Medication use
- current or previous illness
- Erythema: reddened skin
- Induration: Hardening/ thickening of skin
- Atrophy: Thinning and loss of skin layers
- Bulla: large blister
- Telangiectasia: fine, irregular red lines produced by dilation of the capillaries
- Pustule: papule filled with pus
Scale: fragment of dry skin
- Ulcer: loss of epidermal and dermal tissue
- Lichenification: hardening or thickening of skin with markings (results from trauma)
- Macule: Defined, flat area of altered pigmentation
- Nodule: Solid lump greater than 0.5cm in diameter
- Papule: raised, well defined lesion, less than 0.5cm
- Vesicle: blister (small)
- Albinism: Genetic disorder, lack of pigmentation
- Vitiligo: Abnormalities in melanin production leading to discolored skin patches
- Melasma: appearance of dark macules on the face, more common in brown-skinned women
- Lentigos ("liver spots"): Age spots
- Male and female pattern baldness
- Telogen effluvium
- Decreased growth vs rest cycle of hair
- may be due to stress, nutritional deficiencies
- Chemical overprocessing
- Alopecia areata
- sudden loss of hair in one area of scalp
- Can reflect nutritional status
- Can reflect disease states
- Pitting (psoriasis)
- clubbing (chronic hypoxia)
- Koilonychia (liver and thyroid problem)
- Infections (bacterial or fungal)
- Paronychia (pain and swelling around paronychial fold)
- Onycholysis (infection separate nail plate from nail bed)
- excessive sweat production
- palms, soles, axilla
- physiologic, pathologic, brain trauma, drugs
- Diminished sweat production
- Hidradenitis suppurativa (clogging of apocrine gland)
- multifactorial inflammation of these glands
- Comedone (acne lesion)
- most common during puberty
- bacterial component (P. acnes)
- middle aged adults
- Rosacea (inflammatory process)
- Nevi (moles)
- Most common benign skin tumor
- develop from melanocytes
- Atypical or dysplastic (irregular shape & variegated color)
- Actinic Keratosis/Lentigos
- Actinic Keratosis (premalignant lesions)
- Lentigos
- Premalignant skin lesion
- brown spot
- benign but should be watched
- Most lethal form of skin cancer
- Originates in melanocytes
- begin on surface, but penetrate and metastasize
- UV radiation plays a role
- Predictable stages
- benign nevus, dysplastic nevus, radial growth
- Most at risk
- fair skin, 50-100 moles, history of sunburn
- ABCDE
- Asymmetry, border, color, diameter, evolving
- Diagnosis
- treatment
- surgical removal of melanoma
- staging
- sentinel lymph node biopsy
- chemotherapy may be necessary
- Most common form of skin cancer
- 90% of skin cancer in US, rarely metastasize
- begins as small, dome shaped bump
- shiny, translucent texture
- grow slowly and deeply
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- most cases cured with surgery alone
- Risk increased with age/UV exposure
- red, crusted, scaly appearance
- may appear as non-healing ulcer/ firm red nodule
- Diagnosis
- Treatment
- treatable (if caught early)
- can invade/destroy surrounding tissue
- Warts (verrucae)
- HPV
- Benign Lesions
- May occur in anywhere on body
- genital warts
- can incr. risk for cervical, anal, or rectal cancers
- gardasil = vaccine
- Molluscum Contagiosum
- smooth, waxy, small bumps filled with cheese like substance
- transmitted through spas, baths, swimming pools
- Bites from bees, wasps, fleas
- Bees and wasps
- venom injected
- for some, anaphylaxis may develop
- Fleas
- bite is called pulicosis
- small brown lesions
- can jump from person to person or from animal to person
- Pressure Ulcers
- decubitus ulcers, bedsores
- due to diminished blood flow
- Stasis ulcers
- diminished circulation in lower extremities
- blood pooling in veins
- skin damage develops
- slow healing
- Tattooing
- sterile equipment, aseptic technique necessary
- Pattern injuries
- injuries that reflect instrument that afflicted the injury
- indicate physical abuse
- Contact Dermatitis
- delayed hypersensitivity
- materials (metals, chemicals, poison ivy)
- Skin reaction occurs days after contact
- Seborrheic Dermatitis
- inflam. due to excessive secretion of sebaceous glands
- red lesions
- dandruff
- Pityriasis Rosea
- oval rash surrounded by erythema
- patch enlarges and begins to fade
- additional patches appear
- usually clears within 6-8 weeks
- unknown cause
- Lichen Planus
- unknown cause
- name means "tree moss"
- small papules covered with shiny, lacelike pattern
- Vascular lesions
- small tumor with chronically dilated blood vessels
- Senile angiomas
- small dome shaped red colored papules
- Telangiectasias
- single, dilated capillary
- cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL)
- Kaposi's sarcoma