What statistically significant variables can be identified that contribute to students’ perceptions of self-efficacy beliefs, motivations and engagement in online learning environments?

Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) Framework from Bandura (1977)

Motivation Theory of life-span development

Tools for data collection

Self-determination theory

Develop a stronger Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)

A community of inquiry framework implantation

Cognitive Presence

Social Presence

Teacher Presence

Dimensions of Analysis

Evaluation

IT Technical

Psychological

Academic

National Survey Of Student Engagment (NSSE)

5 or 7-point Likert scale

Social Interaction with Classmates

Interaction with Instructors Online

Completion of Online Course(s)

Handling tools in a learning managment system (LMS)

Sense of Spatial Difference

Self-Control Ability

Positive correlations found between perceptions of attitude and self-efficacy

Formative assessment

Positive Timely Feedback from Instructor

Access to Technology and Connectivity

Issues of Digital Divide

Orientation Programs for learners

IT training and Support for teachers and students

Comparative Longitudinal Intervention Study

Quantitative - Looking for statistical significance of variables

Experimental Intervention Study

Qualitative Approach via Mixed Methods

Interview Data

Student Inteviews

Teacher Interviews

Adminstration interviews

IT faculty Interviews

Coding Themes from Keywords in interviews

Demographic and Background Information gathering

Students from the skilled trades: plumbing, electrical, welding, tool and die, precision machining

Blended Learning Approaches

Discussion Boards

Combining Synchronous and Asynchronous Activities

Other Pedagogy Dynamics

Mental Health

Stress and Anxiety

Student Interest

Directive and Supportive Approaches

Challenging without Scope Creep

Self-Reflections

Peer Evaluation

Professional Learning Community (PLC) groups

Potential Search String for Article inclusions: (“online learning” OR “online education” OR “online instruction”) AND (“student engagement” OR motivation OR “academic achievement” OR “academic motivation”) AND (post-secondary OR university OR college OR “higher education”) OR (interview OR survey) AND (“self-efficacy”) AND (“perceptions”) AND (“beliefs”) OR (“Canada”)