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“Environmental Justice” - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Anderton et al. found few disparities within their studies both racially and socioeconomically, contrasting to the GAO's findings. Concluded that the GAO used too wide of a region for their study
        
        Criticism refuted
        
        Been and Mohai found that Anderton et al.'s finding do not refute UCC findings as Anderton et al. did not including the metropolitan area.
  - - - Deduced that the location of hazardous waste sites may be placed to deliberately target communities of colour
  - - - Morello-Frosch and Jesdale study
        
        Conducted a secondary air pollution study that confirmed Ash and Fetter's claim, but stated that the segregation of metropolitan areas mean that even within the same zone, the more racially segregated areas were at a higher cancer risk than those with little segregation
  - - - Study spanning over 30 years concludes that pollution facilities have a pattern of being based in pre-existing communities of colour, not due to geological reasoning.
    - - Study spanning over a 50 year period found a correlation between location of hazardous waste facilities and neighborhoods majorly comprised of working class residents and people of colour.
- - - - 41 States developing policies on Environmental Justice
        
        Discussion about implementing 10 key EJ policies
    - - Courses and programs of EJ taught in universities
      - Organizations developed around EJ
  - - - Limitations identified by Evans & Kantrowitz
        
        Data of environmental exposures based on race and income are sparse
        
        Exposed groups often have confounding variables of conditions
        
        No longitudinal studies
    - - Question proposed by Agyemen
        
        "Just Sustain-
        ability Paradigm"
        
        Sustainability serves as a re-distributive function
        
        Groups must operate within an EJ framework as well as generally tackling sustainability
- - - - EJ studies start to emerge, with the earlier ones focusing mainly on the hazardous waste sites
        
        These early works often fail to acknowledge social justice and inequality components of the problem
      - Environmental racism first defined at 1982
        
        As Studies on Environmental racism continues to develop, the term Environmental Justice is finally defined during the 90s
        
        Governmental Agencies ( U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)） elaborated on the definition, and official policies were formed but still not effective enough
      - It is realized that people of colour and worse economic status are more likely to be affected by Environmental problems