Intro to CNS part 2

Layers protecting/ covering the brain

CSF Production & Circulation

Cortical Regions/ Association Areas

  1. List the 3 layers of meninges and their relationship to the skull or vertebra.  Which is most superficial?  Which is directly apposed to the CNS

Dura Matter

  1. What dural specializations are found in the skull?  What is their function?  How can they do harm if there is an expanding mass in the cranial cavity? 

  1. What is the tentorial incisure?  What 2 compartments does it allow communication between in the cranial cavity?

Spaces

True Spaces

Potential Spaces (usually only emerge when there is a bleed!)

  1. Discuss the location and clinical significance of the subarachnoid space

  1. Discuss the location and clinical significance of the epidural, subdural spaces.

CSF Production

  1. What is CSF and where is it made?

CSF Flow & Circulation

  1. Describe the flow of CSF through the ventricles of the brain and how it enters the subarachnoid space.

Important Definitions

CSF Circulation

  1. How does CSF transfer from the subarachnoid space to the venous blood

  1. What are association cortical regions?  How do they relate to primary cortical regions? What is their function? What is the difference between unimodal and multimodal association areas?

Multimodal Association Areas

Unimodal Association Areas

  1. List the multimodal association areas and their functions.

Frontal Association Areas

Parietal Association Areas

Temporal Association Areas

  1. What does the case of Phineas Gage teach us about frontal association cortical function?

Cortical Regions & Lateralization

  1. How is the cortex lateralized?  What functions are dominant in the left vs right hemisphere?

  1. What is the function of parietal association areas and how do they differ between hemispheres?

  1. What is neglect syndrome?  Where is the lesion for this syndrome usually found?  How do these patients present clinically?  

  1. What is apraxia?  Where is the lesion for this pathology often found? How do these patients present clinically?

What are the layers of the dura matter?

  1. What is the function of temporal association areas and how do they differ between hemispheres?

  1. Discuss language areas in the dominant temporal lobe.  Where are they located anatomically?  What is the function of each?  What function is found in these regions in the nondominant hemisphere?

  1. How does a patient present with motor aphasia? With receptive aphasia? With conduction aphasia? 

  1. What is agnosia?  What is prosopagnosia?

What functions are typically on the right? What functions are typically on the left?

What functions are typically on the right vs the left in all unimodal association areas?

What functions are typically on the right? What functions are typically on the left?

What functions are typically on the right? What functions are typically on the left?