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Daily ingestion of alkaline electrolyzed water containing hydrogen…

- - - - Previous study used subjects with abdominal symptoms
      - Current study selected subjects aged 20 to 69 randomly among medical checkup examinees
    - - Divided into two groups: PW (Purified tap water) and AEW (Alkaline electrolyzed water)
      - Random assignment, subjects and experimenters unaware of group allocation
    - - No significant differences in dispersion of mean values and distribution values
    - - Modified AEW apparatus provided to each subject
      - Installation at subjects' homes
    - - Water collected for quality verification
    - - Subjects selected from Osaka City or nearby, tap water used
      - Conducted tests using water of equivalent quality with little bias in ion distribution
    - - Before electrolysis: pH 7.6 ± 0.2 for PW, 9.2 ± 0.2 for AEW
      - Hydrogen concentration confirmed as 0 mg/L in PW, 0.2 mg/L in AEW for non-electrolyzed and electrolyzed tap water from the same source using the same apparatus
  - - - No significant differences observed in hematological data in both groups
      - Consistent with findings from the previous report
    - - AEW group showed a tendency to increase
      - P-value = 0.097
  - - - Seated Forward Bend, Vertical Jump, Right/Left Grip Strength, and Sit-Up: No significant differences observed in both PW and AEW groups
    - - PW Group: No significant differences before and after the 4-week period
      - AEW Group: Significant difference (decrease) observed (P < 0.05)
    - - AEW Group: Longer times observed P-value = 0.09
    - - Change in whole body reaction time before and after drinking.
      - Changes in the standing time on one leg with eyes closed before and after drinking.
- - - - Healthy men and women (20–60 years) from Osaka City Citizen Health Development Consultation Center
      - Aim: Determine health effects of daily AEW ingestion
      - Explore effects beyond gastrointestinal symptoms
    - - Subjects selected voluntarily
      - Purpose explained, and research participation requested
      - Written informed consent obtained from all subjects
    - - Approved by the Ethics Committee of Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine
      - Registered in UMIN Clinical Trials Registry
      - Adherence to Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidelines
    - - Double-blind, randomized controlled trial
      - AEW group (n = 30) and PW group (n = 30)
      - Blood tests, physical fitness evaluations, and questionnaires before and after the experiment
    - - Subjects provided with modified AEW apparatus
      - Ingested 500 mL or more of AEW or PW daily
      - Required to ingest 200 mL immediately after awakening, and 300 mL or more during the day
    - - Blood tests, physical fitness evaluations, and questionnaires conducted after the four-week period
      - Aim: Check if AEW ingestion for four weeks had beneficial effects on subjects' health
  - - - General blood test: Red blood cell count, white blood cell count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelet count.
      - Blood biochemical examination: Total protein, albumin, glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), γ-GTP, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, neutral fat, uric acid, creatinine, and blood sugar.
      - Urinalysis: Urine sugar, urine protein, urine occult blood, and urine pH.
    - - Right/left grip strength, right/left leg muscle strength, vertical jump, whole body reaction time, standing time on one leg with eyes closed, sit-up, seated forward bend, and resting blood pressure.
    - - Gastrointestinal symptoms (stomachache, heartburn, heavy stomach, lower abdominal pain, bloated stomach), urinary frequency, condition of the stools (fecal properties and bowel movement), and physical condition (sleep quality and upon awakening).
    - - t-test
        
        Differences for which P values of < 0.05 and < 0.01 were inferred as significant.