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Social Innovation at the Macro-level, Key ELEMENTS:, Key RELATIONS: -…

- - - - set of E: elements
        
        eg. companies, stakeholders, actors, regulations
      - set of R: relations
        
        eg. flow of resources, collaborations etc.
  - - - identify enablers of social innovation
      - identify barriers of social innovation
      - identify unintended consequences of social innovation
  - - - mobile money platform provider, launched 2007
        
        originally designed as a system to allow microfinance-loan repayments to be made by phone, reducing the costs associated with handling cash and thus enabling lower interest rates
        
        • But after pilot testing it was broadened to become a general money-transfer scheme. Once customers have signed up, they pay money into the system by handing cash to one of Safaricom’s 40,000 agents (typically in a corner shop selling airtime), who credits the money to their MPESA account
        
        • Customers withdraw money by visiting another agent, who checks that customers have sufficient funds before debiting the account and handing over the cash
        
        • Customers can also transfer money to others using a menu on their phone - cash can thus be sent from one place to another more quickly, safely and easily than taking bundles of money in person