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Politics during the "stresemann years" - Coggle Diagram
Politics during the "stresemann years"
Governments
Government of Gustav Stresemann
Although Gustav Stresemann's government would only last for 100 days he set the republic on a much sounder footing then it had been when he became Chancellor in august 1923
During the war he had been a national liberal he was a strong believer in the annexation of territories.
After the collapse of the National Liberals he helped to form the DVP.
He was initially opposed to the republic and supported the Kapp Putsch, however the assassination of Rathenau changed his mind
His government was based on the SPD, Zentrum, DDP and DVP
His government collapsed after the SPD pulled out of his coalition. They did this because he and Ebert had ordered troops in saxony in which the communists had just entered government.
He immediately took measures to end the crisis
He ended passive resistance within a month, this did spark the Munich Putsch but was needed to end hyperinflation.
Government spending was slashed and many civil servants were dismissed
A new president of Reichsbank was appointed who was also made the Reich Currency commissioner.
He would introduce the new currency to temper inflation.
Restarted reparation payments in order to get the french out of the Ruhr
A new board for the arbitration of industrial disputes was set up, this was key as during the hyperinflationary crisis there had been a wave of strike action across the country.
His time in government also made the DVP a more concretely pro republican party and it would consequently serve in every single remaining Weimar government.
Stressmans years as foreign minister were also highly successful and he would remain in the role until his death in 1929.
He was key behind the negotiation of the Locarno treaties in 1925, this accepted the western frontier drawn up during versailles and kept the allies out of the Ruhr.
However Stresemann was able to avoid a similar situation in the east
It was for this treaty that he was awarded the nobel peace price in 1026
in 1926 he got Germany into the league of nations as a permanent member of the council.
He was able to use the council as a forum to air Germany's grievances, such as the oppression of ethnic german minorities under foreign governments and the failure of other nations to disarm.
He got Germany to join the 1928 Kellogg-Briand pact as an equal member with 64 other nations. It condemned war a means to solve international disputes.
He negotiated the 1926 treaty of Berlin with the USSR which confirmed the treaty of Rapallo.
It also pledged neutrality in the event either nation were attacked by a third party to ensure that it did not look like a military alliance.
The treaty also helped to reconcile the army to the republic as it allowed them to avoid the terms of the treaty of versailles by training and rearming in russia,
He would help with the negotiation of the Dawes and young plans (To be elaborated on in the economics mind map).
However the right wing in the reichstag such as the DNVP and the Nazis saw it as a policy of compromise, and wanted to put an end to all reparation payments
Herman Muller
was the Final totally democratic government of the Weimar republic and was Muller second government.
It would later fall in 1930 after disagreements over how to pay for increasing claims on unemployment benefits.
was a member of the SPD and was the first government which contained the party since Gustav Stresemann in 1924.
The government was called the "Grand coalition" as it brought together a huge cross section of politics in germany with the DDP, SPD, DVP, Zentrum and BVP all being included.
Wilhelm Marx
Came in after the Stresemann and was a member of the Zentrum party.
He worked to consolidate the stability that was brought in by stresemann, he passed an enabling act to give him greater power to deal with the crisis
His biggest achievement was the consolidation of the financial reforms, the rentenmark was turned into a stable currency and the governments finances were balances.
He was able to stay on after the result of the may 1924 election,, forming his second ministry
However after the december 1924 election he was not able to form a coalition and resigned.
He again became chancellor in 1926 after the fall of the Luther government and was able to survive until 1928 at which point his government fell over education policy.
His government did briefly collapse after the secret military collaboration with Russia was realised by the reichstag
However he quickly re-entered government with the addition of the DNVP, while dropping the DDP.
It was this later government that arguably began to show an acceptance of the republic by the DNVP as they joined the government and voted in favour of renewing the 1922 July Decree
While he served many different times in office he would become the longest serving chancellor overall, with the longest continuous government being led by Herman Muller
Hans Luther
Took over from the first Marx government and was able to achieve some important goals
It was during this government that the Locarno treaties were signed
He was also able to re-establish germany's control over its own trade policy as well as creating a series of welfare reforms.
However his government fell over the issue of the imperial flag in january 1926, in which he told president hindenburg to issue a degree telling german embassies to display both the German republican flag and the old imperial flag.
the reichstag censured him and he voluntarily resigned
He was not a member of any party himself, and his government was based of the DDP,Z,DVP,BVP and DNVP. However the DNVP was ditched during the second government as they refused to endorse the Locarno treaties.
Hindenburg became president in 1925 which served to boost the stability of the republic as he could be seen as a substitute Kaiser.
moreover he accepted his constitutional positon
Elections
During 1924 their were two elections
In the december elections the pro republican parties did even better with pro republican parties winning 67.5% of the vote
Moreover the extremists did even worse during these elections, with the Nazis going down to 3% and the communists declining from 12% in may to 9% in december.
During the may elections the Pro republican parties got 61% of the vote
IN the 1928 election the Pro republican parties again performed well, with the SPD running on an unapologetically pro republican campaign and was able to increase their vote share.
Moreover the anti republican DNVP performed even worst, suggesting that pro republican sentient was spreading.
This was partly helped the the creation of the Reichsbanner in 1924 which had around 2 million members and was usally made up of veterans
Its members swore an oath to protect the republic from communists, monarchists and fascists.
Pro republican parties got 72.6% of the vote share
The nazis got only 2.8% and the communists remained on the fringes of political influence with 54 seats.
Parties
After Hitler got out of jail at the end of 1924 the Nazi party was in a extremely poor condition
Many of the parties big figures had left as they wrote the party of
Party organisation had crumbled
Hitler began to totaly reorganise the party
the infamous Gau were created which would be controlled by a gautier
He also created different departments which could create the policy for the Nazi policy.
As the Nazi parties main support was in the countryside it created an agricultural department to create the relevant policy
A propaganda department was also set up
The recovery of the economy meant that the desire for extreme solutions had diminished
SPD remained as the biggest party throughout the period, however after the weimar coalition of stresemann it did not enter another government until the grand coalition under Herman Muller
DNVP became less feirce in its opposition to the republic, as it joined a government under Wilhelm marx in 1924 as well as one with Hans Luther
It also agreed to support a renewal of the 1922 july decree for the protection of the republic, which also forbade the Kaiser from returning to germany.