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Genetics of obsessive-compulsive disorder - Coggle Diagram
Genetics of obsessive-compulsive disorder
Definition
Characterized by instrusive obsessions and/or compulsion that are disturbing and time-consuming
Obsessions
-Image, thoughts or urges that are instrusive and unwanted and are associated with anxiety, distress, disgust and/or a sense of something being not-just-right.
-Common theme are worries about hurting others, being a bad person or contaminating oneself or others
Compulsions
repetitive behaviors or mental rituals, such as checking for safety, inspecting for cleanliness, repetitive counting or ordering.
Symptoms
Contamination and cleaning
Symmetry; repeating, ordering and counting
Forbidden thoughts; sexual, religious, aggressive
Hording
Classification
Skin picking disorder
Trichotillomania
Body Dysmorphic disorder
Hoarding disorder
Factors
Comorbidities
MDD
Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder
Generalized anxiety disorde
Specific phobia
Social anxiety
ASD
ADHD
Gender
Female sligthly higher than male
Male more common in childhood
Age
Environment
Family
Twin
Treatments
Pharmacological
Psychotherapeutic
Surgical
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Impairment
negative effect (QOL, social relationship)
increased risk of death by natural or unnatural
Genetic epidemiology
Familial clustering of OCD
Recurrence among first-degree relatives for lifetime OCD between 6% - 55%
Lifetime OCD prevalence in the genetic population is estimated at 1%-3%.
Risk estimate higher among the family members of probands for OCD
Heritability from family and twin studies
Twin studies consistently show the substantial heritability of OCD
48% the overall heritability for OCD in one of the most statistically robust twin studies
Heritability OCD Symptoms
Adult (30%-40%)
12 years old twin (45%-58%)
6 years old twin (55%)
Genetic epidermology family based study
OCD is familial and genetics play an important role
OCD is highly polygenic with contributions from common and rare variants
OCD Dimension have both shared and unique genetic risk
OCD shares genetic risk with comobid conditions (eg., TS and AN)
Sex difference in preavalence depends on age but genetic risks shared between males and females