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Animal cell - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Synthesizes proteins
      - Proteins
        
        Polypeptides
        
        Amino acids
        
        Hydrogen
        
        R-group
        
        Amine group
        
        Carboxyl
- - - - Impermeable
    - - Anchoring - prevents tearing
    - - Communication holes that allow ions/small molecules to pass
  - - - Inserted into lipid bilayer; serve as channels and transporters
    - - Loosely attached to integral proteins
  - - - Glycerol
      - Phosphate group
      - 2 Fatty acids
- - - - Nuclear pores made up of nucleoporins permeate the nuclear membrane making a selectively permeable channel in and out of the nuclear membrane
  - - - Adenine
        
        Uracil
      - Guanine
        
        Cytosine
      - Types of RNA
        
        rRNA
        
        Ribosomal RNA, forms ribosomes
        
        tRNA
        
        Transfer RNA; brings amino acids to ribosomes
        
        mRNA
        
        Messenger RNA; carries transcript of genetic code to the cytoplasm
    - - Adenine
        
        Thymine
      - Guanine
        
        Cytosine
- - - - Cell prepares for division of the nucleus by replicating DNA, forming chromosomes, and replicating organelles
    - - Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell in preparation for division
    - - The cell's resting phase; includes all of the cell's normal life functions, like synthesizing proteins. Cells spend most of their life's in this phase. It is not a phase of mitosis
    - - Spindle fibers formed by the centrioles on either side of the cell attach to sister chromosomes and pull them apart
    - - Sister chromosomes are pulled to either side of the cell. Nuclear membranes form around the two new nuclei. Final step of mitosis
    - - Final step of cell division; but not a part of mitosis. Cytokinesis is the splitting of the cytoplasm and formation of cleavage furrow.
- - - - Rod-like proteins running through cytosol; acting as structural support
        
        Microfillaments
        
        Thin actin that help[s strengthen cell surface and resist compression
        
        Microtubules
        
        Hollow tubes made up of tubules that come from centrosomes; determine the shape of the cell
        
        Intermediate filaments
        
        Larger fibers that resist the tearing of cells