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Nervous system, A system of circuits that transmit signals all over the…
Nervous system
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CNS: central nervous system
This includes the brain which controls
and sort all the signals and forms a response
The brain has 3 parts, Hindbrain, midbrain and forebrain
The bigger the Brain and the more folds shows more intelligence if compared to other animals
Body mass is not always proportional to brain mass/intellect
White matter inner brain, myelinated axons bundled together
Gray matter outer brain, mostly neuronal cell bodies and dendrites
Brain is protected by 3 layer of meninges that act as shock absorbers for the brain from the skull also with Cerebrospinal fluid which does a similar job
Forebrain controls Motor, Sensory and Complex functions
Parietal Lobe, interprets motor function
occipital lobe, controls visual perception
Temporal lobe, controls language, hearing and memory
Brain related diseases like meningitis which is a infection that attacks the meninges causing inflammation and pressure in the skull
Alzheimer's disease causes memory loss and cognitive function, caused by age or hereditary
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Autonomic nervous system
Regulates homeostasis, organ function
involuntary functions we cant change it consciously.
Sympathetic division
Rapidly acting responds aka fight or flight activation in means of danger.
Inhibits unnecessary functions like digestion
Increased heart rate, pupils dilated, rush of epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Parasympathetic division
The exact opposite of Sympathetic division, when not in danger the body is relaxed and everything functions as it should.
PNS: Peripheral nervous system
This includes the spine and all the nerves
in the whole body, like a web of nerves which all end up traveling to the CNS
Spinal Cord contains Grey matter in the center and white matter around it.
Dorsal roots bring in information and ventral roots bring out information
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There are Many different Neurotransmitters which work as which control the state of the nervous system chemically, each neurotransmitter can stimulated different parts of the nervous system like the CNS and PNS, bind to receptors etc
Ionotropic receptors are Ligand-gated receptors which require a neurotransmitter to open a ion channel
Metabotropic receptor are G-protein receptors meaning the neurotransmitters bind to the surface which induces a signal intracellularly
All drugs affect the brain in a negative way because the induce a overstimulation or understimmulation of some part of the brain
Most common disorder is Major Depressive Disorder
Some Neurotransmitter damage can lead to motor disfunction like parkinson's disease and multiple sclerosis
Neuron can respond to many different signals from many other Neurons at the same time, all the signals sum together into what's called Spatial summation
Evolution of the nervous system has built into every animal a complex body part with cephalization (aka a brain type structure)
Somatic Nervous system
Senses the external environments (heat, light, odor, chemicals, Sound, touch) and send signals to the CNS.
This is also allows you to use your muscles to move, voluntary movement.
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