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Imperialism and Colonial Empires
Imperialism
last third of the 19th century
coincided with the Second Industrial Revolution
European states
Great Britain, France, Portugal, Spain, Belgium...
many territories became controlled by European powers
aim of this expansion was
to subject other peoples to imperial states
This political doctrine is called imperialism.
colonised territories all over the world
Causes
Industrial development
required new raw materials
sometimes found in territories very far away
European industrial revolution
new consumer markets be established
Rivalry between industrialised countries
all of which competed with each other
to guarantee a supply of raw materials
to secure trade routes and to obtain political prestige.
Intense population growth
Europe led to more overseas emigration
Between 1871 and 1911
33 million Europeans left the continent
moved to other places
(United States, Canada, Brazil, Argentina, etc.).
Ideological and cultural factors
Europe wanted to ‘civilise’ the rest of the world
in some cases with a feeling of racial superiority
As well as colonial expansion
The mother country
The mother country was the imperialist state on which a colony depended
It held all aspects of power:
political
military
economic
social and cultural.
Colonial Terrirories
Imperialist expansion
led to the development of colonialism
system in which the mother country exploited the colonies
according to its interests
In which depended the European empires expansion?
depended on the circumstances of each colonised territory
David Livingstone 1813-1873
was a Scottish missionary and explorer
he represents the scientific endeavours of the explorers who colonised much of the planet.
He stay in remote parts of Africa and fought against slavery
quite diferent from Henry Morton Stanley (1841–1904)
hired by Leopold II, king of Belgium
he killed many indigenous inhabitants of the Congo.
Boxer Rebellion
The aim was to expel the colonists.
the result of Chinese opposition to the policies imposed by foreign powers in China
THE HEGEMONY OF THE UNITED STATES IN AMERICA
the United States began numerous military interventions
throughout the American continent to defend its economic and strategic interests
Which territories were therefore annexed?
Puerto Rico
several Pacific archipelagos,
the Panama Canal and Cuba
the Philippines
The Hawaiian Islands
Types of Colonial Goverment
There were three types of colonial government.
Protectorates
Territories where the mother country decided not to intervene in matters of local politics, controlling only economic matters and foreign relations.
Dominions
Territories of the British Empire, occupied almost entirely by a new population of European origin, with great autonomy and their own institutions.
Canada, Australia and New Zealand are examples of this model.
Colonies.
Territories where weak local power allowed mother countries to control all aspects of the country: economic, political and cultural.
This model was applied in many parts of Africa, such as the Congo, controlled by the Belgians. France also imposed this model of government in Indochina.
Consequences of Imperialism
The way in which territories were divided
especially in Africa
was based on the interests of the occupying powers and not on local factors.
