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Gas Exchange, ∆ - Coggle Diagram

- - - - paramecium, flatworms
        
        thin and simple body construction
        
        they don;t have an elaborate gas exchange system becuase they live in aquatic environment
        
        freely permeable to water
        
        distance bw cells and immediate environment,
        
        v v short
        
        1 more item...
    - - very complex
        
        distance between cells and body, distance iss very large
        
        can't be met by diffusion
        
        its not effiecient too
        
        terrestrial, so can't afford to have a freely permeable membrane
        
        have to conserve water and they're so active that it can't be met by diffusion and active transport
        
        1 more item...
  - - - structural and functional unit of lungs
        
        no of alveoli in each lung - 300-400 MILLION
        
        600-800 million alveoli in both the lungs
        
        tiny size makes up for tha large number
        
        because of so many, one region where surface area is high is 70 m^2
        
        surface area : vol ratio is high
    - - in close contact with resporatory membrane
        
        millions of tuny sacs in very close contact with thin capps
        
        exchange is very high
        
        rate of exchange of gases at any moment is extremely high
  - - - 1
        
        highly permeable gas exchange surface
        
        thin layer of squamous epithelium that covers alveoli
        
        respiratory membrane -
      - 2
        
        must have an abundant supply of blood
        
        by pulmonary blood vessels
      - 3
        
        composed of network of tubes
        
        necessary to take gases towards or away fm respiratory membrane
      - 4
        
        must have well-developed ventilation system
        
        so high amount of gases coming in and going out
        
        diaphragm and intercostal muscles
  - - - fast diffusion
    - - lining of mucus membrane
        
        when dry - cells die - by desiccation
    - - small size
    - - abundance of blood vessels
    - - and to a certain extent - carbon dioxide
- - - - width of 11cm and diameter of 2.5cm
  - - - in front of the oesophagus
        
        ventral to oesophagus
  - - - cartilage - kind of skeletal tissue
        
        extremely strong, but highly flexible
        
        provides a supporting medium
        
        in joints between bones , external ear,
        
        present in trachaea and bronchis
- - - - always pass through lungs
    - - respiratory organ
        
        2 parts
        
        respiratory tracr
        
        organ
  - - - 2 parts
        
        upper
        
        parts of system outside throacic cavity
        
        nose, nostrils, pharynx, upper part of trachaea
        
        lower/inner
        
        parts of system within
        
        lower part of trachaea, bronchioles