Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
BLOOD, ANEMIA, thrombus: clot that persists in unbroken blood vessel -…
BLOOD
-
FUNCTIONS
-
-
preventing blood loss
-
-
hemostasis: prevent blood loss, blood vessel constricts, platelets create plug by reacting to exposed collagen fibers, fibrin traps platelets
vascular spasm: smooth muscle contracts, causing vasoconstriction
platelet plug formation: postive feedback; injury exposes underlying collagen fiber; platelets adhere and release chemicals that makes nearby platelets sticky; plug forms
coagulation: fibrin proteins form a mesh that trap RBCs and platelets, forms clot
series of reaction using clotting factors (procoagulants). mostly plasma proteins; vitamin K needed to synthesize
-
-
-
-
clot retraction: actin/myosin contract to pull on fibrin strands to draw ruptured edges of blood vessels together
platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF): released by platelets to divide cells and rebuild vessel wall.
-
-
-
COMPOSITION:
-
formed elements
-
hematocrit: dehydration, EPO, & living at a higher altitude can have an effect
-
-
erythrocytes: RBCs, anucleated, biconcave; average lifespan of 120 days, can bend and fit through vessels
hemoglobin: four heme, four globin; each globin has own heme, each hemee has iron, transports four O2 for each iron
-
-
-
fetal hemoglobin is called hemoglobin F, which has a higher affinity for oxygen
erythropoiesis: formation of RBCs; stem cell transform to myeloid cells which transforms to proerythroblast
EPO: stimulates formation of RBCs, produced by kidneys; maintains levels of RBCs; targets red bone marrow
death occurs when macrophage break them down; globin into amino acids, iron is stored in liver or put in new hemoglobin, heme turns to bilirubin (pigment added to bile in liver); trapped mainly in spleen
-
generate ATP anaerobic mechanisms (not requiring oxygen) & do not consume any oxygen they carry, making them efficient oxygen transporters
spectrin: gives shape to erythrocytes, maintains its biconcavity
-
leukocytes: WBCs, nucleated
-
agranulocytes
-
monocyte: largest of WBC, u-shaped nucleus: elevated w chronic infection
macrophages: move out of blood stream, occupy tissues; associated with chronic infections
-
-
-
platelets: fragments of cells, very small; 150,000-400,000
-
-
-
CHARACTERISTICS
color: red due to O2, less O2, blood is darker
-
volume: males 5-6 L, females 4-5 L
ABO BLOOD GROUP
-
A blood type: A agglutinogens, anti-B antibodies
ANEMIA
aplastic anemia: results from the destruction/inhibition of red marrow by drugs, chemicals, radiation, & viruses
sickle-cell anemia: caused by abnormal hemoglobin from change in DNA resulting in a change in 1 of 146 amino acids of the beta chain of globin; have a better chance of surviving malaria
-
-
iron-deficiency anemia: can be a secondary result of hemorrhagic anemia, can also result from lack in diet or impaired absorption
-
-
thalassemia: globin chains are absent/faulty, making RBCs deficient hemoglobin
-