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Recent progress in alkaline water electrolysis for hydrogen production and…
Recent progress in alkaline water electrolysis for hydrogen production and applications :
Electrolysis overview
Alkaline water electrolysis, known for its simplicity, is a straightforward method for hydrogen production.
Challenges in widespread adoption include the need to reduce energy consumption, cost, and maintenance, while improving reliability, durability, and safety.
Main focus of paper
The current state of hydrogen production through water electrolysis
The importance of addressing resistances through thermodynamic and kinetic analyses for enhanced efficiency
Outlining future research needs for continuous development of the technology
Introduction
Hydrogen is widely used in industries like petroleum refining, ammonia production, and metal refining.
Large-scale hydrogen production is dominated by natural gas reforming and coal/petroleum coke gasification, water electrolysis offers a clean alternative, especially when powered by renewable energy.
Water electrolysis becomes crucial for energy supply, offering a sustainable solution for lighting, heating, and powering communication stations.
Improvements in efficiency, safety, durability, and cost reduction are essential, leading to new opportunities for research and development in water electrolysis technology.
Section snippets
Chemistry of water electrolysis
Basic unit includes anode, cathode, power supply, and electrolyte.
Direct current (DC) applied, electrons flow to cathode, react with hydrogen ions to form hydrogen.
Hydroxide ions transfer through electrolyte to anode to maintain electrical balance.
Theory cell voltages
Water's stability makes separating water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen an uphill battle.
Overcoming equilibrium cell voltage (E° or electromotive force) is necessary for electrolysis.
Electrolyte kinetics
Electrode reaction rate (current density) depends on electrode surface nature and electrolytic solution composition.
Formation of double layers near electrodes affects reaction rate.
Electrical resistant
Resistances in water electrolysis system cause heat generation and energy wastage.
Main components include system circuit resistances, mass transport phenomena, and gas bubbles on electrodes.
Practical considerations
To evaluate electrolysis systems, practical parameters are crucial.
Parameters include cell configurations (bipolar/monopolar), gap between electrodes, flow velocity, and operating conditions.
Historical development
Reviews water electrolysis development over 200 years.
Highlights landmarks from discovery to industrial techniques meeting hydrogen demands.
Recent innovations
Discusses exciting developments in water electrolysis technology.
Focuses on reducing energy losses through theoretical innovations.
Research trends
Despite new concepts, low-temperature alkaline water electrolysis remains promising.
Intensive studies in areas such as electrodes, electrolytes, ionic transport, and bubble dynamics.
Reference
Zeng, K., & Zhang, D. (2010). Recent progress in alkaline water electrolysis for hydrogen production and applications. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 36(3), 307–326.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pecs.2009.11.002