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Cardiovascular Elizabeth Martinez P:2 - Coggle Diagram
Cardiovascular Elizabeth Martinez P:2
Major Components and functions of Blood:
Red Blood Cells
Transports nutrients throughout the body
White Blood Cells
Fights of infections and protects from getting sick inside your body.
Plasma
Helps remove waste from the body. Mostly is water/ less dense than the others.
Platelets
Is a stoppage from a tear into the skin. Blocks and stops bleeding.
Major Blood Vessels:
Arteries:
Pulmonary Trunk Artery
Inferior Vena Cava
Superior Vena Cava
Descending Aorta
Right Pulmonary Artery
Left Pulmonary Artery
Aorta
Veins:
Right Pulmonary
Left Pulmonary
Structural & Functional Differences between Blood Vessels:
Arteries carry blood away from the heart, and veins carry blood towards the heart.
Veins are larger and thicker than capillaries.
Anatomy of the Heart:
Chambers:
Left Ventricle
Right Ventricle
Right Atrium
Left Atrium
Valves:
Pulmonary Valves
Mitral/bicuspid Valve:
Tricuspid valve
Aortic Valve
Major functions of Cardiovascular System:
Transports nutrients throughout the body
Expels waste from the body.
Transports oxygen throughout the body
Disorders of Cardiovascular System:
Endocarditis & Myocarditis: Inflammation of the heart
Symptoms:
Heart palpitations
Fatigue
Chest pain
Treatment Options:
Meds
Antibiotics
Diuretics
Risks/Causes:
Recent surgery
Heart valve damage
Viruses, bacteria or fungal infection
Myocardial Infarction (heart attack): Blood flow to part of the heart is blocked
Risks/Causes:
Blood clot
Plaque in coronary artery
Smoking
Symptoms:
Dizziness
Heart palpitations
Chest pain
Treatment Options:
Thrombolytics
Anagioplastly
Nitroglycerin
Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD): Arteries narrow and reduce blood flow to extremities
Risks/Causes:
Smoking
Obesity
Diabetes
Treatment Options:
Life style changes
Medication
Bypass surgery
Symptoms:
Hair loss on arms & legs
Leg & arm pain
Weak pulse
Cerebrovascular Accident: Occurs when blood flows to a portion of the brain is halted.
Symptoms
Change in alertness
Confusion
Severe headache
Treatment Options
Thrombolytics
Physical therapy
Blood thinner
risks/causes:
Anearysm
Agelrace
Blood clot in artery to brain
Congenital Heart Disease: Issue w/heart structure and/or function since birth
Risk/Causes:
Hereditary
Aortic stenosis
Eostein's anomally
Treatment:
Surgery
May heal on their own
Medication
Symptoms:
Asymptomatic
Death
Cyanasis
Layers of Heart:
Myocardium: Inner layer
Endocarrdium: Innermost layer.
Epicardium: Outermost layer
Blood Flow Through Heart & Body:
SVC & IVC
Right Atrium
Tricuspid Valve
Right Ventricle
Pulmonary Valve
Pulmonary Trunk
Pulmonary Arteries
Lungs
1 more item...
ABO Blood types
blood group A – has A antigens on the red blood cells with anti-B antibodies in the plasma.
blood group B – has B antigens with anti-A antibodies in the plasma.
blood group O – has no antigens, but both anti-A and anti-B antibodies in the plasma.
blood group AB – has both A and B antigens, but no antibodies
RH Blood Types
B negative
AB positive
B positive
AB negative
A negative
O positive
A positive
O negative
Vital Signs:
BP:
Blood Pressure Categories.
Normal Less than 120 Less than 80
Elevated 120 – 129 Less than 80
High blood pressure (hypertension) Stage 1 130 – 139 80 – 89
Risk factors include obesity, excessive sodium and alcohol consumption, and possibly calcium and bone metabolism
Pulse:
Radial
Femoral
Brachial
Dorsalis Pedis
Apical
Posterior Tibial
Carotid
Temporal
Cardiac Cycle and ECG:
Cardiac Cycle:
Right Ventricle
De-oxygenated blood via Pulmonary Arteries
Left Ventricle
Oxygenated via Aorta
Right Atrium
De-oxygenated blood via Vena Cava
Left Atrium
Oxygenated via Pulmonary Veins
ECG:
The P wave represents the normal atrium (upper heart chambers) depolarization;
the QRS complex (one single heart beat) corresponds to the depolarization of the right and left ventricles (lower heart chambers)
the T wave represents the re-polarization (or recovery) of the ventricles.
