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Historical Background of the Constitution - Coggle Diagram
Historical
Background of the Constitution
Companytext Rule (1608-1858)
Diwan Rights 1765
(territorial powers)
1773 Regulating Act
first step by Br.pal. to regulate Company
Governer General of Bengal (1st- Warren Hastings)
est. supreme court of Calcutta (1774)
est. Court of Directors
1781 Act of Settlement
No appeal in Supreme Court from provincial courts
Separate Hindu & Muslim Laws
Pitts India Act 1784
distinguished b/w Commercial (Court of Directors ) and political civil & milliatory functions ( Board of Control)
British Possessions in India & supreme control to Br. govt.
Act of 1786
Carnavallis aaya GGB ban gaya
Charter Act 1793
Gov. Gen. overriding powers
members of Board of Control and their staff to be paid out of India Revenue
Charter Act of 1813
Abolished trade monopoly except tea & China
Allowed Christian Missionaries
Western Education
Authorised local governments in India to impose taxes
Charter Act 1833
Gov. Gen. of India ( William Bentick)
ACTS banane lage pehle regulation the
company purely administrative body; monopoly ended
Charter Act 1853
first time Local Representation in Central Legislative council (Indian Legislative Council)
Indians allowed in civil service (Macaulay committee 1854)
Crown Rule. (1858-1947)
Government of India Act 1858
Abolished East India company transfered powers to British Crown
viceroy (Lord Canning) + Secretary of State for India (Stanley)
Board of control & court of directors abolished
Indian Councils Act of 1861
Indians as Non- official nominated members of viceroy council ( Raja Benaras, Maharaja Patiala and Sir Dinkar Rao
recognised Portfolio system
Ordinance
Reversed Centralising Tendency
Indian councils Act 1892
Retained official (non-Indian) majority
could discuss budget
nomination through limited & in direct election
Indian councils Act 1909 (Morley- Minto)
Central official majority
Provincial- Non-official majority
S.N. Sinha first Indian Member of Viceroy's Legislative Council (Law Member)
Separate Electorates for Muslims (legalised communalism)
Minto, father of communal electorates
Government of India Act 1919 (Montagu- Chelmsford)
Seperation of central & provincial subjects
Diarchy in provincial subjects (transfered & reserved)
Bicameralism (Upper & Lower House
Direct Election with limited franchise
3\6 Indian members
Separate electorate for Sikhs, Europeans, Anglo-Indians, and Indian Christians
Central Public Service commission 1926
Separate provincial budgets
Simon Commission 1927
7 members; all British
Report 1930
Communal Award
separate Electorates to Depressed Class
Poona Pact 1932
Reservation & not separate electorates
Government of India Act, 1935
not- implemented
All India Federation (Provinces Princely states )
Diarchy at Center
Seperate electorates to Depressed Classes, women & workers
Implemented
Division of subjects into three lists
abolished diarchy Iintroduced provincial autonomy with responsible government
Bicameralism in Provinces (6 out of 11)
Abolished council of India (est.by Go Act 1858)
extended franchise to 10 % of population
Federal Court Set up in 1937
Indian Independence Act 1947
Created the dominions of India and Pakistan
abolished office of vicary & provided for Governor General
appointed by king on advice of dominion cabinet
Legislative powers to Constituent Assembly
Constituent assembly to make constitution
abolished the office of Secretary of State (William Francis Hari) for India transfund to Secretary of Commonwealth affairs
Lapse of Paramountcy
Veto to Governor General