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Functionalist Perspective - Coggle Diagram
Functionalist Perspective
EVALUATION
:( equal opportunity in education doesn't always exist
:( functionalists wrongly imply that pupils passively accept all they are taught and never reject school values
:( Melvin Tumin criticises Davis + Moore for putting forwards a circular argument that doesn't actually create answers
:( ignore negative aspects of the system
:( ignores various ways in which social divisions might effect educational achievement
:( assumes all individuals have same opportunity to receive high quality education + ignores existence of private education
Parsons
education is a bridge between family and society
students move from ascribed status + particularistic values of the home to the meritocratic values, achieved status and universalistic values of wider society
school + society operate on a meritocratic basis
secondary socialisation
:( in reality class inequalities result in unequal opportunities so the class divide widens
Durkheim
social solidarity
built through hidden curriculum as it teaches core values of society
teach specialist skills
acquire skills needed for future so individuals can play their part in the complex division of labour
education acts as a mini society
school teaches how people can cooperate with other people who are neither family or friends
education should emphasise the moral responsibilities that members of society have towards each other + wider society
education is the influence exercised by adult generations on those that aren't yet ready for social life, intended to develop in children a number of physical, intellectual and moral states demanded by society as whole
:( postmodernists criticise Durkheim for his assumption that society needs shared values as in many countries it's debatable whether or not there's a single culture
:( Marxists argue that schools teach proletariat children to be passive + submit to authority, making them easier to exploit later in life as opposed to Durkheim's view that school is a neutral institution which transmits values + skills in a way that enables the economy to function
Davis + Moore
schools select + allocate pupils for future work
sifts + sorts us into ability groups
meritocracy justifies inequalities as everyone has equal opportunity to achieve
most talented get the best, most important jobs