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Disease and Infection - Coggle Diagram
Disease and Infection
Middle Ages
Treatments
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Balancing the 4 humours (purging, bloodletting)
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Key People
Hugh and Theodoric of Lucca, challenged Galen. realised that Pus was bad, people had thought that pus meant the wound was healing
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Theory of Disease
Natural
After the crusades, Theory of the 4 humours by Hippocrates and Theory of Opposites by Galen
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Church supported the work of Galen as he believed in God. anyone who challenged Galen or Hippocrates was executed or imprisoned.
Factors
War
Crusades - 1200AD - Series of religious wars in the Arab world - Christians vs Muslims. Brought knowledge of Ancient works back to Britain
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Renaissance
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Factors
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Religion - Reformation meant the power of the church was in decline - people more willing to challenge Galen
Theory of disease
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After the Reformation in 1500's - power of the church is in decline so people start challenging old theories.
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Treatments
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Balancing the 4 humours (purging, bloodletting)
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Islamic World
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Factors
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Communication - Books of Galen and Hippocrates translated into arabic - knowledge came over to Britain during the Dark ages
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Who treated the sick?
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Medical books written (Rhazes, Avicenna - Canon on Medicine)
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"For every disease, Allah has a cure" - encouraged to treat patients
Key People
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Rhazes - Al-Rhazi - Distinguished the difference between Smallpox and Measles. Clinical and hung meat to decide best place to build a hospital
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Modern World
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Factors
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Science and Tech
Labs, microscopes, dyes, cameras, animal testing
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Treatments
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Problems with treatments: High costs, mistakes (thalidomide), antibiotics resistence
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Herbal Treatments and alternative treatments e.g. aromatherapy, acupuncture
Key People
Fleming (penicillin 1929), florey and Chain (mass production of penicillin WW2), Watson and Crick (DNA 1960s)
Who treated the sick
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Specialist doctors, nurses, opticians and dentists
Industrial Revolution
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Factors
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Science and Tech - Labs, microscopes, dyes, cameras, animal testing
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Natural Treatments
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Koch and Pasteur compete to find vaccinations - Chicken cholera 1877 and Anthrax Pouilly-Le-Fort 1881
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Chance
Alexander Fleming, Florey and chain - Penicillin
Went on holiday and forgot to throw away a mould, when he returned he found that some of his sample had died while others had lived, he found out that his sample was contained with some fungi, which he called penicillin. he didn't mass develop it though because no one was prepared to give him funding and him and his team couldn't turn the mould into a pure drug.
Florey and chain first had to find out how to mass produce penicilin. they did this by using every container they could find. after that the had to test it on mice. they kept producing it and eventually made enough for a human test. however after he was given the penicillin he started getting ill again as he didn't take it regularly.
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Paré got lucky by running out of cauterization and having to make a ointment with rose oil, egg yolk and turpentine. this worked better than cauterisation
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