Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Tectonic hazards on natural and human system, Human systems, Human systems…

- - - - ruptures oil and chemical factories, polluting land and water
      - fractures and uproot trees, causing widespread tree injury and death
      - damaging the wildlife habitat
    - - Destroys properties and infrastructures
        
        weaken building, roads, railways
        
        making it difficult to rescue people
      - Disrupts services
        
        snaps water and gas pipes, resulting in water shortages and disruption of gas supply
      - causing injuries and death
        
        people may get trapped under a collapsed buildings
  - - - Destroys ecosystems
        
        trees on liquefied soil sink in and tip over
        
        damaging wildlife habitats and loss of biodiversity
        
        liquefied soil enter rivers
        
        smother aquatic plants, killing aquatic species
        
        sewage pipes may be broken and untreated waste enter the river
      - Human systems
        
        Destroys properties and infrastructures
        
        buildings and other infrastructure can sink in and tip over
        
        hard to rescue people and supply aid
        
        Disrupts services
        
        roads and railway above liquefied soil can sink
        
        causing injuries and death
        
        people may get trapped under a collapsed buildings
  - - - destroys ecosystems
        
        Fast-moving debris can bury huge areas of forest and wetlands
        
        rivers polluted with debris
        
        killing aquatic life, damage ecosystems
        
        rocks can cause river to be blocked
        
        causing flood
  - - - Destroy ecosystems
        
        seawater can flood huge areas of coastal wetlands and forests, damaging habitats
        
        killing wildlife and damaging ecosystems
        
        carry debris which can pollute these areas
- - - - destroys ecosystems
        
        sulfur dioxide results in acid rain
        
        damage vegetation, soil and kill wildlife
        
        cold carbon dioxide is heavier than air, so it can become concentrated in low-lying volcanic areas
      - destroys properties and infrastructure
        
        sulfur dioxide cause acid rain, which corrode buildings and infrastructure
      - threatens public health and cause injuries and fatalities
        
        sulfur dioxide irritates skin, eye, nose and throat
        
        3% carbon dioxide can cause headaches and breathing difficulties
        
        15% can cause death
  - - - destroys ecosystems
        
        hot, low-silica lava can travel over some distance, destroying forest and other habitat
      - destroys properties and infrastructure
        
        lava can burn through homes, properties and infrastructure
      - disrupts services
        
        lava can destroy electricity and communication cables
        
        can destroy water and gas pipes
  - - - Temperature up to 700 degree Celsius
      - most devasting hazard
        
        impact
        
        destroys ecosystems
        
        huge areas of forests may be destroyed
        
        thick layer of ash causes pollution
        
        biodiversity loss
        
        Destroys properties and infrastructure
        
        hot flows can burn through all homes, properties and infrastructure
        
        disrupts services
        
        hot flows can destroy electricity and communication cables, and gas pipes
        
        Threatens public health and cause injuries
        
        extreme temperatures can burn, and kill people in a fraction of a second
  - - - impacts
        
        Destroys ecosystems
        
        Lahars can cover forests and other ecosystems with thick mud which hardens like concrete, destroying them
        
        pollute rivers, killing aquatic life
        
        destroys properties and infrastructure
        
        bury houses, destroying them
        
        cover farms with thick mud, which hardens like concrete, damaging them
        
        disrupts services
        
        road and railway may be blocked
        
        difficult to rescue people and provide aid
        
        damage communication cables, water and gas pipes
        
        threaten public health and cause injuries
        
        bury houses and its residents, resulting in loss of lives
  - - - Impacts
        
        Destroys ecosystems
        
        fast-moving debris can bury huge areas of forest and wetlands
        
        pollute rivers
        
        block rivers, causing flood
        
        destroys properties and infrastructure
        
        buries villages and farms, destroying properties and infrastructure
        
        Disrupts services
        
        snap electricity and communication cables, water and gas pipes
        
        block roads and railways, making difficult to rescue people
        
        cause injuries and fatalities
        
        bury people or hit them, causing injuries and loss live
        
        block rivers
- - - - e.g. copper silver and gold
    - - ash and sand
  - - - cheaper electricity cost
      - more jobs
  - - - engage in hiking or sightseeing
      - provide employment opportunities
        
        tour guides, selling food
- - - - disrupting air transport
  - - - when saturated with water, it adds weight and cause roofs to collapse