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Legislation Affecting the Education of People with Severe Disabilities…
Legislation Affecting the Education of People with Severe Disabilities Timeline
By Dana Dziadul & Melissa Sowell
The Education for All Handicapped Children Act :(1975)
Individuals with an IDD have the right to FAPE!
This law required an IEP. Education and Related services must be implemented in the LRE. Parents have the right to due process procedures if they disagree with the school system concerning their children's placement and education (Westling et al., 2021).
This legislation "drastically improved how students with disabilities were treated in school settings" (Karten, 2008).
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(1960s- 1970s)
The civil rights movement continued to help individuals with disabilities join the workforce (Karten, 2008).
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(1939-1945)
Many adults with disabilities joined the workforce during WWII, when many jobs were left vacant. This showed what individuals with an IDD were capable of (Karten, 2008).
2.
The Education of the Handicapped Act Amendments (1986)
It extended FAPE to children 3-5 years old. We created an Infants and Toddlers Program to provide services to children from birth to two years old. Introduced the IFSP, an interprofessional and multidisciplinary early intervention plan
(Westling et al., 2021).
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 (1990
)
Employers must make "reasonable accommodations" for individuals who need help completing a job due to an IDD. Public transportation must be accessible to everyone, and public buildings must be accessible—hotels, grocery stores, parks, schools, and restaurants.(Westling et al., 2021)
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(1907)
Sterilization of individuals with an IDD in the U.S. began. Many traits of individuals with an IDD were thought to be hereditary. Eugenicists believed that these traits would interfere with "natural selection" (Karten, 2008). We now know that many characteristics of IDD are not inheritable.
Individuals with IDD were chained to their beds in large, understaffed institutions in the U.S.(Karten, 2008).
(1848)
Massachsets opened the 'Instuitions for Idiots" (Karten, 2008).
Most individuals with an IDD were secluded at home and under the direct care of family members in the U.S. They were not presented to engage in public activities (Karten, 2008).
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) (1990)
Renamed from the EHA to IDEA, the legislation required that transition planning and services were to be included in the student's IEP no later than 16 years old (Westling et al., 2021).
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act Amendments of 1997 (1997)
The main attribute required by this legislation was that students with disabilities were required to participate in state-mandated assessments, including alternate assessments for those with severe disabilities (Westling et al., 2021). Other notable attributes include the requirements for greater participation in general education curriculum and extracurricular/non-academic activities for students of all disabilities, use of positive behavior interventions, transition planning beginning at 14 years old, and students with disabilities being informed of their rights as adults by 21 years old.
Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 (2004)
To revise this law to align it with the No Child Left Behind Act, requirements were made to ensure that alternate assessments given to students with severe disabilities were based off of specific academic content standards and the IEP were to include accommodations so the student can participate in the general curriculum (Westling et al., 2021).
Every Student Succeeds Act (2015)
This revision of the NCLB Act allows states to have more freedom in determining the expectations for achievements and assessments regarding academic standards (Klein, 2016). Only 1% of students were allowed to be given alternate assessments, which is only 10% of students in special education.
References
Karten, T. J. (Ed.). (2008).
Embracing disabilities in the classroom: Strategies to maximize students'students'
assets
. Corwin Press.
Klein, A. (2016).
The Every Student Succeeds Act: An ESSA Overview
. Education Week.
https://www.edweek.org/policy-politics/the-every-student-succeeds-act-an-essa-overview/2016/03
Westling, D.L., Carter E., Da Fonte, A., & Kurth, J. (2021).
Teaching students with severe disabilities
(6th Editions). Columbus, OH: Merrill/Prentice Hall.
Karten, T. J. (2008;2013;). Embracing disabilities in the classroom: Strategies to maximize students' assets (1st ed.). Corwin Press.
BROWN VS BOARD OF EDUCATION: