SCHIZOPHRENIA
Classification of sz
"psychotic disorder marked by severely impaired thinking emotions and behaviours"
+ve and -ve symptoms
unable to filter sensory stimuli and have enhanced perceptions of siunds colours + other features
+ve symptoms are an excess of normal functions which represent a change in behaviour or thoughts
-ve symptoms are a loss of normal functions, may persist thru periods of low +ve
- addition to normal experience
- less than normal experience
delusions, hallucinations, catatonic behaviour, disorganised thinking and speech
avolition, speech poverty, lack of emotions, anhedonia (loss of pleasure or interest)
DELUSIONS: beliefs with no basis in reality.
persecutory, grandeur, reference
HALLUCINATIONS: distorted perception of real stimuli or perceptions of stimuli that have no basis in reality.
auditory (hearing voices), visual, tactile
ALOGIA: (speech poverty) abnormally low level of the frequency and quality of speech
AVOLITION: (lack of motivation) inability to cope with the normal pressures and motivations associated with everyday living
DSM-V requires at least 2 or more +ve symptoms for at least 1 month
Reliability of sz
extent to which a finding is consistent
inter-rater reliability
extent to which different psychiatrists can agree on the same diagnosis when independently assessing the same patient
test-retest
clinician should be able to make the same diagnosis at two points in time when presented with the same symptoms