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Unit I: Psychology’s History and Approaches, Unit XIV: Social Psychology,…
Unit I: Psychology’s History and Approaches
different approaches
Structuralism
Edward Titchener, Wilhelm Wundt
introspection
Functionalism
William James
mind's stream of consciousness
Humanistic Psychology
Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers
growth potential of healthy people
Psychodynamic perspective
Sigmund Freud
unconscious mind
Evolutionary perspective
Charles Darwim
natural selection
roots
socrates
mind is separated from body
knowledge is innate
Aristotle
empiricism
Rene Descartes
human behaviors based on activity of nervous system
innate ideas
Francis Bacon
modern science
John Locke
empiricism
"blank slate"
Behaviorism
John Watson, Ivan Pavlov, B.F. Skinner
observable behavior
learning
Cognitive view
Jean Piaget
how people construe their environment
Sociocultural view
social interaction, social learning, cultural perspective
psychological science
Wilhelm Wundt
Gestalt Psychology
perceptual organization
levels of analysis
biological
psychological
social-cultural
Psychology
study of behavior and mind
contemporary psychology
subfields
developmental psychology
educational psychology
social psychology
industrial-organizational psychology
human factors psychology
consoling psychology
clinical psychology
Unit XIV: Social Psychology
social thinking
attribution theory
fundamental attribution error
self-serving bias
persuasion
peripheral route
central route
action affect attitude
foot-in-the-door
door-in-the-face
the halo effect
conformity and obedience
conformity
informative
unanimous
no prior commitment
one admires the group's status
compliance
social influence
normative
informational
obedience
Milgram's study
authority
prestigious institution
depersonalized
no role models
group behavior
socia facilitation
task difficulty
expertise effect
crowding effect
social loafing
less accountability
view themselves as dispensable
deindividuation
anonymous
group polarization
enhancement
groupthink
culture and influence
norm
prejudice
beliefs
emotions
predisposition
discrimination
ethnocentrism
outgroup homogeneity
scapegoat theory
ingroup bias
aggression
biological
neural
frontal lobe, amygdala
genetic
biochemical
psychological
frustration-aggression principle
cultural
media models for violence
attraction
proximity
physical attraction
similarity
love
passionate
compassionate
conflict and peace making
altruism
bystander effect
reciprocity norm
social trap
self-fulfilling prophecy
Unit IV: Sensation and Perception
sensation
threshold
absolute threshold
difference threshold
sensory adaptation
sensory habituation
perception
processing
bottom-up processing
top-down processing
perceptual set
context effects
selective attention
cocktail party effect
Gestalt principles
top-down theory
figure-ground
proximity
symmetry
similarity
closure
depth perception
binocular cues
retinal disparity
Eleanor Gibson
visual cliff
the eye
vision anatomy
wave length
hue
aplitude
intensity
saturation
cornea
pupil & iris
lens
retina
fovea
optic nerve
blind spot
rods & cones
color vision
opponent-process theory
trichromatic theory
hearing
the ear
outer ear
ear canal
ear drum
middle ear
ossicles
hammer, anvil, stirrup
inner ear
oval
cochlea
basilar membrane
auditory nerve
auditory cortex
hearing loss
sensorineural
conductive
other senses
taste
taste buds
smell
olfactory buld
touch
vestibular sense
kinesthesis sense
Unit II: Research Methods
research
correlation != causation
case study
not generalizable
survey
no IV, fast, bias
naturalistic observation
cross sectional/logitutional
experiment
IV, DV
random sampling
representative sample
random assignment
eliminate confounding variables
manipulation
hold confounding variables
placebo effect
single-blind
double-blind
statistical analysis
descriptive statistics
mean, median, mode
variability
statistical significance
correlation
illusory
positive
negative
frequency distribution
normal distribution
unimodal
bell-shaped
ethical guidelines
informed consent
protect from harm and discomfort
maintain confidentially
debriefing
deception
the right to withdraw
Unit III: Biological Bases of Behavior
endocrine system
parathyroids
calcium
pituitary glands
adrenal glands
ovaries and testes
thyroid gland
pineal body
melatonin
nervous system
CNS
brain
spinal cord
PNS
autonomic
sympathetic
parasympathetic
somatic
voluntary muscle movements
neurons
dendrites
cell body
axon
myelin sheath
synapse
neurotransmitters
acetylcholine
dopamine
serotonin
endophins
GABA
Glutanate
drugs
agonists
morphine
caffeine
cocaine
nicotine
antagonist
antipsychotics
alchohol
narcotics
reuptake inhibitor
antidepressants
serotonin
The brain
imaging techniques
EEG
CAT/CT
MRI
PET
fMRI
Anatomy
hindbrain
cerebellum
medulla
reticular formation
pons
midbrain
forebrain
limbic system
thalamus
hippocampus
amygdala
hypothalamus
cerebral cortex
decision-making
sensory input
send out motor information
brain hemisphere
corpus callosum
frontal lobes
prefrontal lobes
broca's area
motor cortex
parietal lobes
occipital lobes
temporal lobes
Unit V: States of Consciousness
sleep disorder
dyssomnias
insomnia
melatonin
sleep apnea
naracolepsy
sleepwalking, night terror, nightmare
stages of sleep
stage 2
light to deep sleep
stage 3&4
delta wave
deep sleep
stage 5
REM sleep
dreams
manifest content
latent content
why we dream
satisfy wishes
file memory
develop and preserve neural pathways
make sense of neural static
reflect cognitive development
memory
stage 1
theta wave
circadian rhythms
biological clock
regular bodily rhythm
psychoactive drugs
tolerance
withdrawal
dependence
addiction
catagories
depressants
barbituates
alchohol
opiates
stimulants
amphetamines
methamphetamine
nicotine
cocaine
estasy
caffeine
hallucinogens
LSD
THC
influences
biological
psychological
Unit X: Personality
the trait perspective
Gordon Allport
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator(MBTI)
factor analysis
Eysenck
brain scans
genetics
MMPI
empirically derived test
the big five
conscientiousness
agreeableness
neuroticism
openess
extraversion
the social-cognitive view
Albert Bandura
reciprocal determinism/triadic reciprocity
personal
behavior
environmental
Julian Rotter
external locus of control
exploring the self
self
self-esteem
self-efficacy
individualism & collectivism
psychodynamic theory
sigmund freud
fixation
agents
id
ego
superego
psychosexual stages
oral
anal
phallie
latency
genital
defense mechanism
repression
regression
reaction formation
projection
rationalization
displacement
sublimations
denial
other theories
neo-freudians
Alfred Adler
Carl Jung
Karen Horney
Thematic Apperception test
rorschach inkblot test
false consensus effect
terror-management
humanistic theories
self-actualization
Carl Rogers
unconditional positive regard
self-concept
Unit VI: Learning
role of biology
limits of classical conditioning
Garcia
cognition's influence
Edward Tolman
cognitive map
extrinsic & intrinsic motivation
observational learning
learned helplessness
locus of control
external
internal
abstract learning
insight learning
superstitious behavior
overjustification
modeling
classical conditioning
stimulus and response
US
UR
CS
CR
acquisition
US, NS ---> CS
extinction
no CR, CS --> US
spontaneous recovery
generalization
explanations
Ivan Pavlov
contiguity approach
Robert Rescorla
contingency approach
John Waston
little Albert
operant conditioning
Skinner's experiment
shaping
Edward Thorndike's law of effect
reinforcement
positive
give good
negative
take away bad
primary
secondary
schedule
fixed ratio
variable ratio
fixed interval
variable interval
punishment
positive
negative
biofeedback
Unit VII: Cognition
memory
models
MSM
WMM
processes
encoding
retrieval
storage
priming
categories
sensory memory
short-term memory
long-term memory
episodic
semantic
procedural
explicit memory
implicit memory
flashbulb memory
context-dependent memory
mood-congruent memory
implicit memory
effects
serial position effect
spacing effect
testing effect
misinformation effect
amnesia
anterograde amnesia
retrograde amnesia
interference
proactive interference
retroactive interference
repression
source amnesia
déjà vu
thinking, concepts, and creativity
prototype
thinking
convergent
divergent
heuristics
availability
representativeness
obstacles
confirmation bias
belief perseverance
framing
mental sets
stereotype threat
language
components
phoneme
morpheme
grammar
acquisition
cooing stage
babbling stage
one-word stage
two-word stage
telegraphic stage
Benjamin Lee Wharf & Edward Spair
Theory of linguistic relativity
Noam Chomsky
language acquisition device
Unit VIII: Motivation, Emotion, and Stress
motivation
categories
extrinsic
intrinsic
theories
drive reduction theory
arousal theory
hunger motivation
hypothalamus
psychological factors
Garcia effect
sex motivation
sexual response cycle
psychological factors
sexual orientation
social motivation
Lewin’s motivational conflicts theory
approach-approach
avoidance-avoidance
avoidance-approach
multiple approach-avoidance
emotion theories
James-Langes
Cannon-Bard
Stanley Schatcher
biology
cognition
evolutionary
appraisal
Richard Lazarus
facial feedback
cross-cultural display
stress and coping
Hans Selye's general adaptation syndrome(GAS)
alarm
resistance
exhausion
perceived control
response stress
Type A
Type B
Unit XI: Testing and Individual Differences
testing
standardization
compatibility
interoperability
safety
repeatability
quality
reliability
consistency & repearability
split-half
equivalent form
test-retest
validity
construct
content
criterion
concurrent
predictive
types
aptitude test
achievement test
Intelligence
types
fluid intelligence
crystalized intelligence
theories
Charles Spearman
g factor
s factor
Howard Gardner
Robert Sternburg
triarchy
Francis Galton
Wechsler
savant syndrome
tests
IQ test
Stanford-binet test
Flynn effect