Unit I: Psychology’s History and Approaches
Unit II: Research Methods
different approaches
levels of analysis
Structuralism
Functionalism
Humanistic Psychology
Psychodynamic perspective
Evolutionary perspective
roots
Behaviorism
Cognitive view
Sociocultural view
Psychology
study of behavior and mind
contemporary psychology
subfields
biological
psychological
social-cultural
socrates
mind is separated from body
knowledge is innate
Aristotle
empiricism
Rene Descartes
human behaviors based on activity of nervous system
innate ideas
Francis Bacon
modern science
John Locke
empiricism
"blank slate"
psychological science
Wilhelm Wundt
Edward Titchener, Wilhelm Wundt
introspection
William James
mind's stream of consciousness
Sigmund Freud
unconscious mind
John Watson, Ivan Pavlov, B.F. Skinner
observable behavior
learning
Gestalt Psychology
Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers
growth potential of healthy people
Charles Darwim
natural selection
Jean Piaget
how people construe their environment
social interaction, social learning, cultural perspective
perceptual organization
developmental psychology
educational psychology
social psychology
industrial-organizational psychology
human factors psychology
consoling psychology
clinical psychology
research
experiment
statistical analysis
ethical guidelines
descriptive statistics
correlation
frequency distribution
correlation != causation
case study
survey
naturalistic observation
not generalizable
no IV, fast, bias
IV, DV
random sampling
representative sample
random assignment
eliminate confounding variables
manipulation
hold confounding variables
placebo effect
single-blind
double-blind
cross sectional/logitutional
normal distribution
unimodal
bell-shaped
mean, median, mode
variability
statistical significance
illusory
positive
negative
informed consent
protect from harm and discomfort
maintain confidentially
debriefing
deception
the right to withdraw
Unit III: Biological Bases of Behavior
endocrine system
nervous system
drugs
The brain
parathyroids
pituitary glands
adrenal glands
ovaries and testes
thyroid gland
pineal body
calcium
melatonin
CNS
PNS
neurons
brain
spinal cord
autonomic
somatic
sympathetic
parasympathetic
voluntary muscle movements
dendrites
cell body
axon
myelin sheath
synapse
neurotransmitters
acetylcholine
dopamine
serotonin
endophins
GABA
Glutanate
agonists
antagonist
reuptake inhibitor
antidepressants
serotonin
morphine
caffeine
antipsychotics
alchohol
narcotics
cocaine
nicotine
imaging techniques
EEG
CAT/CT
MRI
PET
fMRI
Anatomy
hindbrain
cerebellum
medulla
reticular formation
pons
midbrain
forebrain
limbic system
cerebral cortex
brain hemisphere
corpus callosum
decision-making
sensory input
send out motor information
thalamus
hippocampus
amygdala
hypothalamus
frontal lobes
parietal lobes
prefrontal lobes
broca's area
motor cortex
occipital lobes
temporal lobes
Unit V: States of Consciousness
sleep disorder
stages of sleep
stage 2
stage 3&4
stage 5
REM sleep
dreams
memory
delta wave
deep sleep
dyssomnias
insomnia
sleep apnea
naracolepsy
sleepwalking, night terror, nightmare
Unit VI: Learning
classical conditioning
operant conditioning
role of biology
stimulus and response
stage 1
circadian rhythms
Unit IV: Sensation and Perception
sensation
perception
the eye
hearing
other senses
threshold
absolute threshold
difference threshold
sensory adaptation
sensory habituation
processing
bottom-up processing
top-down processing
perceptual set
context effects
selective attention
cocktail party effect
Gestalt principles
top-down theory
proximity
figure-ground
symmetry
similarity
closure
depth perception
binocular cues
retinal disparity
Eleanor Gibson
visual cliff
vision anatomy
wave length
hue
aplitude
intensity
saturation
cornea
pupil & iris
lens
retina
fovea
optic nerve
rods & cones
blind spot
color vision
opponent-process theory
trichromatic theory
the ear
outer ear
ear drum
middle ear
inner ear
ear canal
ossicles
hammer, anvil, stirrup
oval
cochlea
basilar membrane
auditory nerve
auditory cortex
hearing loss
sensorineural
conductive
taste
taste buds
smell
olfactory buld
touch
vestibular sense
kinesthesis sense
biological clock
regular bodily rhythm
theta wave
light to deep sleep
manifest content
latent content
why we dream
satisfy wishes
file memory
develop and preserve neural pathways
make sense of neural static
reflect cognitive development
melatonin
psychoactive drugs
tolerance
withdrawal
dependence
addiction
catagories
depressants
stimulants
hallucinogens
influences
barbituates
alchohol
opiates
biological
psychological
amphetamines
methamphetamine
nicotine
cocaine
estasy
caffeine
LSD
THC
US
UR
CS
acquisition
CR
US, NS ---> CS
extinction
no CR, CS --> US
spontaneous recovery
generalization
explanations
Ivan Pavlov
Robert Rescorla
John Waston
little Albert
contiguity approach
contingency approach
Skinner's experiment
shaping
Edward Thorndike's law of effect
reinforcement
positive
give good
negative
take away bad
primary
secondary
punishment
schedule
fixed ratio
variable ratio
fixed interval
variable interval
positive
negative
biofeedback
limits of classical conditioning
Garcia
cognition's influence
Edward Tolman
cognitive map
extrinsic & intrinsic motivation
observational learning
learned helplessness
locus of control
external
internal
abstract learning
insight learning
superstitious behavior
overjustification
modeling
Unit VII: Cognition
memory
thinking, concepts, and creativity
models
MSM
WMM
processes
encoding
retrieval
storage
categories
sensory memory
short-term memory
long-term memory
explicit memory
implicit memory
effects
episodic
semantic
procedural
flashbulb memory
serial position effect
context-dependent memory
mood-congruent memory
spacing effect
testing effect
amnesia
misinformation effect
anterograde amnesia
retrograde amnesia
interference
proactive interference
retroactive interference
repression
source amnesia
déjà vu
prototype
priming
thinking
convergent
divergent
heuristics
implicit memory
availability
representativeness
obstacles
confirmation bias
belief perseverance
framing
mental sets
Unit VIII: Motivation, Emotion, and Stress
motivation
emotion theories
stress and coping
categories
extrinsic
intrinsic
theories
drive reduction theory
arousal theory
hunger motivation
hypothalamus
psychological factors
Garcia effect
sex motivation
sexual response cycle
psychological factors
sexual orientation
social motivation
Lewin’s motivational conflicts theory
approach-approach
avoidance-avoidance
avoidance-approach
multiple approach-avoidance
James-Langes
Cannon-Bard
Stanley Schatcher
biology
cognition
evolutionary
appraisal
Richard Lazarus
facial feedback
cross-cultural display
Hans Selye's general adaptation syndrome(GAS)
perceived control
response stress
alarm
resistance
exhausion
Type A
Type B
Unit X: Personality
psychodynamic theory
other theories
the trait perspective
the social-cognitive view
sigmund freud
fixation
agents
id
ego
superego
psychosexual stages
defense mechanism
oral
anal
phallie
latency
genital
repression
regression
reaction formation
projection
rationalization
displacement
sublimations
denial
neo-freudians
Alfred Adler
Carl Jung
Karen Horney
Thematic Apperception test
rorschach inkblot test
false consensus effect
terror-management
humanistic theories
self-actualization
Carl Rogers
unconditional positive regard
self-concept
Gordon Allport
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator(MBTI)
factor analysis
Eysenck
brain scans
genetics
MMPI
empirically derived test
the big five
conscientiousness
agreeableness
neuroticism
openess
extraversion
Albert Bandura
reciprocal determinism/triadic reciprocity
Julian Rotter
external locus of control
exploring the self
self
self-esteem
self-efficacy
individualism & collectivism
personal
behavior
environmental
Unit XI: Testing and Individual Differences
testing
standardization
reliability
validity
types
aptitude test
achievement test
language
components
phoneme
morpheme
grammar
acquisition
cooing stage
babbling stage
one-word stage
two-word stage
telegraphic stage
Benjamin Lee Wharf & Edward Spair
Theory of linguistic relativity
Intelligence
types
theories
tests
fluid intelligence
crystalized intelligence
compatibility
interoperability
safety
repeatability
quality
consistency & repearability
split-half
equivalent form
test-retest
construct
content
criterion
concurrent
predictive
IQ test
Flynn effect
Charles Spearman
Howard Gardner
Robert Sternburg
Francis Galton
g factor
s factor
triarchy
Wechsler
Noam Chomsky
language acquisition device
Stanford-binet test
savant syndrome
stereotype threat
Unit XIV: Social Psychology
social thinking
attribution theory
fundamental attribution error
conformity and obedience
group behavior
culture and influence
aggression
attraction
conflict and peace making
altruism
self-serving bias
persuasion
peripheral route
central route
action affect attitude
foot-in-the-door
door-in-the-face
the halo effect
conformity
informative
unanimous
no prior commitment
compliance
social influence
normative
informational
obedience
Milgram's study
authority
prestigious institution
depersonalized
no role models
one admires the group's status
socia facilitation
social loafing
deindividuation
group polarization
groupthink
anonymous
task difficulty
expertise effect
crowding effect
less accountability
view themselves as dispensable
enhancement
norm
prejudice
discrimination
beliefs
emotions
predisposition
ethnocentrism
outgroup homogeneity
scapegoat theory
ingroup bias
biological
psychological
cultural
neural
genetic
biochemical
frontal lobe, amygdala
frustration-aggression principle
media models for violence
proximity
physical attraction
similarity
love
passionate
compassionate
bystander effect
reciprocity norm
social trap
self-fulfilling prophecy