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Disorders of the Immune System - Coggle Diagram
Disorders of the Immune System
Basic Concepts
Innate Immunity
- refers to the natural mechanisms that ward off invaders as a first line of defense
Monocyte Macrophages
- macrophages come from WBC called monocytes. monocytes leave the peripheral circulation and migrate to the tissue. macrophages mediate innate immune functions
Cytokines
- inflammatory mediators produced by WBC, mainly macrophages and lymphocytes
Natural killer cells
- NK cells are lymphocytes that contain cytoplasmic granules
Adaptive Immunity
- the adaptive immune system allows the body to recognize an antigen, target the specific antigen, limit its response to the antigen and develop memory for the antigen
B & T lymphocytes
- B lymphocytes- humoral immunity. T lymphocytes- cell mediated immunity
Active Acquired vs Passive Acquired
- active acquired is obtained through exposure to am antigen. Passive acquired is gained through an individual being given pre-made fully formed antibodies against the antigen
Vaccines
- can consist of either viral or bacterial components, to make someone immune to the virus or help control the symptoms better
Anergy Pannel-
a test of immunocompetence
Antibody Screening and Titer
- lab tests used to confirm adequate immune protection against a particular antigen by measuring IgM and IgG
Allergy Testing
- includes skin and serology testing to see what allergies a person has
Hypersensitivty
Type I Immediate Hypersensitivity
- rapidly developing immune reaction that occurs after IgE binds to mast cell and combines with antigen
Allergic Rhinitis
- exposure to allergens sich as mold or pollen leads to the development of allergic rhinitis and a type 1 reponse
Type II Cytotoxic hypersensitivity-
- mediated by IgG directed on antigens presenting on cell surfaces
Type III Immune Complex Hypersensitivity -
occur when antigen combienes with IgG within circulation and these complexes are then deposites in tissues
Type IV Delayed Hypersensitiity-
initiated by T lymphocytes that have had previous exposure to an antigen
Patho. of Selected Autoimmune Disorders
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
- multisystem autoimmune disease characterized by antibodies, particularly antinuclear antibodies. this is a chronic disease
symptoms- fever, fatigue, myalgias, arthralgias
Rheumatoid Arthritis
- chronic autoimmune inflammatory disorder affecting joints and mobility
Sarcoidosis
- chronic autoimmune multisystem disorder characterized by an accumulation of T lymphocytes, macrophages and epithiloid granules
Sjorgens Syndrome
- chronic autoimmune disease characterized by dry eyes, and dry mouth
Sclerodoma
- chornic autoimmune disease characterized by abnormal accumulation of fibrosis tissue