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immunity - Coggle Diagram
immunity
HIV infection: acute, chronic, AIDs
epidemiology
in 2016, 40k people were living with the diagnosis of HIV; heterosexual make up 24% of those with; drug abusers make up 6%
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pathophysiology
progressive depletion of CD4 T cells; integral to both cell mediated and antibody mediated immune mechanisms; important for immune response, leading to immunodeficiency
clinical presentation
presents as a mononucleosis-like viral syndrome consisting of fever, headache, fatigue, pharyngitis, GI symptoms lymphadenopathy, arthralgia, myalgia
risk of transmission
unprotected sex, anal intercourse, IV drug abuse
diagnosis
screening; CD4 count, HIV viral load, HIV drug resistance testing
treatment
ART can preserve immune function and reduce complications of HIV-1 infection (fusion inhibitors, CCR5 antagonists)
hypersensitivity
type 1 :
allergy or atopic disorder; mast cells are key components; widely distributed in the tissues; can be local or systemic
type 2:
mediated by Its directed toward antigens present on cell surfaces; target cells coated with antigen transfusion in which donor reacts with hosts
allergic rhinitis
exposure to allergens such as mold, animal dander, or pollen; one of the most common medical disorders; exposure to allergen triggers the production of IgE and release of inflammatory mediators
systemic anaphylaxis
severe, life threatening reaction; extremely small doses of allergen may trigger it; anaphylactic shock
type 3:
occurs when antigen combines with Ig within circulation and these complexes are then deposited in tissues, causing organ dysfunction
type 4:
initiated by T lymphocytes that have had previous exposure to antigens; T lymphocytes that are sensitized to the antigen do not attack it until days after exposure; contact dermatitis
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autoimmune disorders
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rheumatoid arthritis
chronic autoimmune, inflammatory disorder; effects joints; systemic effects
sarcoidosis
chronic, autoimmune multi-system disorder; accumulation of T lymphocytes, macrophages, and epithelioid granulomas in organs; often the lung; episodic often with relapses
scleroderma
chronic, autoimmune disease; abnormal accumulation of fibrous tissue in skin and organs; localized or systemic
polyarteritis nodosa
necrotizing inflammation of blood vessel walls; often lungs; renal and visceral blood supply affected; thickening of inflamed arterial walls can cause narrowing of the blood vessel, reducing blood flow and predisposing to thrombosis
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