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Disorders of Child Development - Coggle Diagram
Disorders of Child Development
Major Theories of Development
Temperament
Factory installed hardware affects how child responds to world, behaves
No Good or bad temperament, mostly about fit
Clinical Implications
Consider the role of treatment
Freud
Oral Phase (0-2 age)
Gratification through oral activities
Anal Phase (2-3)
Child learns to respond to demands of society, and may lead to frustrations later in life
Phallic Phase (3-6)
Child learns differences between male + female, child discovers genital can give them pleasure
Latency Phase
Child continues development but sexual ures are latent/quiet
Genital Stage
Growing Adolescent learns to deal maturely with opposite sex
Piaget
Sensorimotor (0-2)
infnat/child develops ability to use senses/motor functions, develop language, object permanence
Pre-operational (2-7)
Concrete Operational (7-11)
Logical operations such as conservation, reversibility or classification, allowing logical reasoning
Formal Operational (11+)
Cognitive abilities continue to improve (Abstract thinking, scientific reasoning, moral reasoning, critical analysis, perspective taking)
Child develops ability to think about things symbolically
Erikson
Trust Vs Mistrust (0-1)
Babies are entirely dependent on their caregivers
Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt (1-3)
Focused on developing sense of self control
Initiative Vs Guilt (Preschool Years)
Children learn to assert themselves and speak up, if made to feel guilty for assertivenes, may grow up to be timid
Industry vs Inferiority (Early School Years)
Children compare themselves with peers, may result in high or low self esteem
Identity vs Role Confusion (Adolescence)
Developing sense of self, and those who depend on parents for social interaction may experience more role confusion
Intimacy vs Isolation (Young Adulthood)
Enter lifelong relationships/friendships, those who develop strong friendships in college may feel more intimacy thn one who struggles to form and maintain close friendships
Generativity vs Stagnation (Middle Adulthood)
2 more items...
Major Theories of Bowlby
Stages of Attachment
Birth - 3 Months
Asocial-Pre-attachment stage: Stage that baby is forming bonds but relationships with objects and humans are similar
6 Weeks to 7 Months
Stage wherebabies display more observable social behaviour. Preference for people over adults/familiar adults
7-11 months
Specific or Discriminate Attachment: Babies display stranger anxiety and separation anxiety from one particular adult
24 Months +
Multiple Attachment: Shortly after babies show attachment to one adult, usually extend to multiple attachments with other adults
Attachment Styles
Secure
Child
feels safe to explore, uses caretaker as secure base
Adult
low anxiety, low avoidance, interacts with people positively, forms stable relationships
Ambivalent/Anxious
Child
anxious/unsure about caretaker's availability, approach avoidance behaviour
Adults
High anxiety, low avoidance, wants closeness to others but clinginess amy scare them away, sees themselves a unlovable
Avoidant
Child
sees others as cold and rejecting, avoids others to protect themselves
Adult
Low anxiety, high avoidance, does not feel safe to get close to others, dismisses the importance of close relationships
Disorganized
Child
disoriented behaviour, suffers from childhood trauma
Adult
High anxiety, high avoidance, unresolved trauma or losses
Normal Development