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Forensic Psychology - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Aim is to establish patterns of behaviour that are likely to occur
      - Key concept = interpersonal coherence which is how an offender behaves at the scene
      - Key concept = significance of time and place as it can indicate where offender lives
      - Key concept = forensic awareness is where that offender has experienced interrogation before so may know they're way around it and to cover their tracks
    - - Aim is to discover home location of offender
      - 2 categories: a marauder and a commuter
        
        Marauder is an offender whom will commit crime in close proximity to their home location and won't travel too far
        
        Commuters will travel longer distances to commit their crimes from their home location
      - Profilers/police will gather data on previous crimes committed and will plot them on a diagram, typically there will be a circular pattern and there will be a centre of gravity in the middle which is determined as the offender's home location
  - - - Canter's study on 66 sexual assault cases acts as support for investigative psychology - several behaviours were common in different samples of behaviour so supports a basic principle that people are consistent in behaviour
        
        However, case linkage depends on the database and this will only consist of historical solved crimes therefore IP tells us little about unsolved and the crimes with few links - likely to stay unsolved
- - - - Think CRIMINAL MINDS!!
    - - Disorganised: the offender will show signs of a spontaneous attack, not thought through, messy, likely to have left evidence, body still at crime scene as well as murder weapon, unemployed, lives alone, lower than average IQ, history of sexual dysfunction, sexually competent
      - Organised: the offender shows signs of planning, victim is usually targeted and offender may have a 'type', likely to have no evidence at crime scene, would've disposed of the body and murder weapon, likely to be married potentially with children, high IQ, good job
    - - Strengths
        
        Canter's study of 100 murder cases committed by a different serial killer - looked at 39 aspects of serial killing and the FBI found that some of these matched with the typology for organised offenders therefore shows approach has validity
        
        However it's argued that some of the characteristics can overlap between the categories as an offender can have high IQ and have sexual competance for example but may commit a spontaneous murder which can suggest maybe the organised-disorganised typology is more accurate
      - Limitations
        
        The evidence of the American approach's study of the 36 murders had a poor sample, argued by Canter, so top-down profiling is argued to not have a sound/scientific base