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Nationall movements - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Cripps Mission, 1942
        
        Quit India Movement 1942
        
        Famine of 1943
        
        Rajagopalachari formula 1945
        
        Desai - Liaqat pact
        
        Wavell plan
        
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        Bhula Bhai Desai, leader of congress party -Liaquat Ali Khan deputy leader of Muslim league
        An equal number of persons nominated by the congress and Delhi in the central legislature.20% reserved seats for minorities
        
        a key proposal in India’s campaign for independence from British colonial control
        
        Congress-League Collaboration: In 1944,Demand for Pakistan Accepted
        
        Jinnah: He desired that Congress endorse the two-nation thesis
        
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        Muslim league to endorse congress demand for independence
        
        League to cooperate with congress in forming a provisional government at Centre
        
        claimed nearly 3 million lives by malnourishment and diseases, it was a result of a combination of natural factors such as crop shortfall and man-made factors including war-related disruptions, trading disruptions, inadequate government policies, mismanagement, and social and economic inequities.
        
        August Kranti Movement-August 8, 1942, during the session of the All India Congress Committee held in Bombay.
        
        Aruna Asaf Ali, renowned as the “Grand Old Lady” of the Independence Movement, unfurled the Indian flag as a symbol of the Quit India Movement.
        
        Gandhi put forth a demand for the termination of British rule, initiating the Quit India Movement at the Gowalia Tank Maidan in Mumbai.
        
        took place in Delhi from March 22 to April 12, 1942,as a rally against Japanese invasion
        
        Gandhi seized upon the failure of the Mission and called for voluntary British withdrawal from India, which resulted in the ‘Quit India’ Movement-postdated cheque drawn on crumbling bank
      - demand for freedom of speech to preach aganist war participation& peaceful protest
      - delhi chalo movement as to go delhi after speech
      - vinobha bhavey-1st; nehru -2nd ;brahma dutt -3rd
- - - - Bardoli Satyagraha, 1928
        
        Nehru Report, 1928
        
        jinnah’s Fourteen Points 1928
        
        Lahore Session, 1929
        
        civil Disobedience Movement (1930 -1931)
        
        Dandi March 1930
        
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        people decided not to follow some rules made by the government, on purpose and without causing any harm.
        Causes: Salt Tax, Simon Commission, Demand for Purna Swaraj,
        Demands: The rupee-Sterling ratio should be reduced Land revenue should be reduced by half and, Salt tax -abolished and Salaries of highest grade services -reduced by half , Military expenditure -reduced by 50% , Protection - Indian textiles and coastal shipping , All Political prisoners should be discharged.
        
        On Dec. 19, 1929, under the Presidentship of J. L. Nehru, the INC, at its Lahore Session, declared Poorna Swaraj (Complete independence) as its ultimate goal.On Dec. 31, 1929, the newly adopted tri-color flag was unfurled and an. 26, 1930 was fixed as the First Independence Day, was to be celebrated every year.
        
        proposed by Muhammad Ali Jinnah.four Delhi proposals, the three Calcutta amendments and demands for continuation of separate electorates and reservation of seats for Muslims in government services and self-governing bodies.
        
        The Nehru Report of 15 August 1928 (approved on 28 August) was a memorandum to appeal for a new dominion status and a federal set-up of government for the constitution of India.On May 19, 1928 at its meeting at Bombay, the All Parties Conference appointed a committee with Motilal Nehru as its chairman
        
        The movement was a truly participative and secular peasants movement guided by Sardar Vallabhai Patel and Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, the non-violent Bardoli .Satyagraha laid the blueprint of what followed. Also, the movement was further went on to pave way for the Civil Disobedience Movement, two years later, highlighted by the game changing Dandi March.
      - Constituted under John Simon, to review the political situation in India and to introduce further reforms and extension of parliamentary democracy.Indian leaders opposed the commission, as there were no Indians in it.The Government used brutal repression and police attacks to break the popular opposition. At Lahore, Lala Lajpat Rai was severely beaten in a lathi-charge. He succumbed to his injuries on Oct. 30, 1928.
- - - - • G Subramanya Aiyer-- founded ‘The Hindu’ Newspaper,Co-founded the Madras Mahajana Sabha.
      - Dadabhai Naoroji--e Grand Old man of India,1st British MP from India ,Authored ‘Poverty and Un-British rule in India’.
      - Umesh Chandra Bannerjee--First president of INC,s Standing Counsel 1st.
      - Pherozshah mehta-Lion of Bombay. Found-Bombay Chronicle
      - Gopal Krishna Gokhale-- Mahatma Gandhi’s political guru -Founded the servants of India Society(1905),Ranade Institute of Economics(1908)
      - Surendranath Banerjee-Also called ‘Rashtraguru’& ‘Indian Burke’ Found the Indian National Association which later merged with the INC.Founded newspaper ‘The Bengalee
      - The moderates demanded reduction in land revenue, abolition of salt tax, improvement in working conditions of plantation labour, etc. They helped in expansion of council’s i.e. greater participation of Indians in councils and helped in reform of councils i.e. more powers to councils, especially greater control over finances
    - - Lala Lajpat Rai- Known as the Lion of Punjab
        found the National School at Lahore under the influence of Arya Samaj
      - Bal Gangadhar Tilak-/ Lokamanya Tilak------ found the Deccan Education Society and was the co-founder of Fergusson College.He gave the slogan, ”Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it” Kesari(Hindi) and Mahratta(English) were the newspapers started by him
        
        He started the All India Home Rule League in 1916
        
        started ganpathi(1893) &Shivaji festival(1895).
        
        books--gita rahasya, arctic home of vedas.
        
        valentine chirol (journalist)-- father of Indian unrest.
      - Bipin Chandra Pal-father of revolutionary thoughts in India .
      - Together the above leaders were referred to as the Lal-Bal-Pal triumvirate of assertive nationalists
      - Ashwini kumar dutt-- founded Swadesh Bandhav Samiti, wrote books-- bhakti yoga karma yoga, bharat geeti in Bengal.
      - Aurobindo Ghosh- He started an English newspaper called Bande Matara
        wrote-- new lamps, basis of sciences , Bhagavad-Gita & philosophy, savitri and human cycle.
      - Partition Of Bengal,1905
        
        swadeshi movement
        
        Muslim League ,1906
        
        Surat Session of INC,1907
        
        Surat Split
        
        significant event in the history of the Indian National Congress.
        It occurred in 1907 during INC's 22nd session in Surat, Gujarat.
        Causes: Controversies between Moderates and Extremists
        Impact: Minto-Morley Reform of 1909
        Key Personalities: Moderates and Extremists
        Outcome: The Surat Split gave the Indian National Congress a boost because it gave the British administration a chance to distinguish between moderates and extremists.
        
        minto morley reform,1909
        
        Indian Council Act
        
        Ghadar Party, 1913
        
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        a significant constitutional reform in British India.
        It introduced limited elected representation for Indians in the legislative councils of the British Indian government.
        Objective: To increase Indian participation in the Central and Provincial Administration.
        Key Personalities: John Morley, Secretary, and Viceroy Lord Minto
        Outcome: Introduction of the system of communal representation for Muslims and the idea of a separate electorate was introduced.
        
        founded by Agha Khan on 30th December 1906 in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
        Objective: To represent Indian Muslims and convey their distinct identity to the British government.
        Causes: To protect Muslims' political rights, express such rights to the government, and stop Muslims from developing intolerance toward other communities in India
        .Impact:established the presumption that because Hindus and Muslims belong to separate cultures, they cannot coexist in the same nation.
        Key Personalities: Khwaja Salimullah, Syed Amir Ali, Syed Nabiullah, and Mustafa Chowdhury.
        
        Boycott of British goods and promotion of Indian products.
        
        began as a response to the partition of Bengal by Viceroy Lord Curzon in 1905, aimed at dividing and ruling by creating religious divisions.
        
        Lal, Bal, Pal, and Aurobindo Ghosh played an important role.
        
        INC took the Swadeshi call first at the Banaras Session, 1905 presided over by G. K. Gokhale.
        
        By Lord Curzon on Oct 16, 1905, through a royal Proclamation, reducing the old province of Bengal in size by creating East Bengal and Assam out of rest of Bengal.
        The objective was to set up a communal gulf between Hindus and Muslims.
        A mighty upsurge swept the country against the partition.
        The national movement found real expression in the movement against the partition of Bengal in 1905.
        The objective was to set up a communal gulf between Hindus and Muslims.
        A mighty upsurge swept the country against the partition.
        The national movement found real expression in the movement against the partition of Bengal in 1905.