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Seven Fundamental Design Principles - Coggle Diagram
Seven Fundamental Design Principles
Constraints
Logical Constraints
Exploits people’s everyday common sense
reasoning about the way the world works
An example is the logical relationship between
physical layout of a device and the way it works
Cultural Constraints
Norman states, "Cultural issues are at the root of many of the problems we have with new machines: there are as yet no accepted conventions or customs for dealing with them.
Can be universal or culturally specific
Semantic Constraints
Norman states, "Semantic constraints rely upon the meaning of the situation to control the set of possible actions."
Has to deal with the environment that one is to interpret the different workings of a certain design
Physical Constraints
Refer to the way physical objects
restrict the movement of things
Restricting the possible actions that can be performed
Helps prevent user from selecting incorrect options
Affordance
possible interactions between people and the environment
The proper affordances exist to make the desired actions possible
Discoverability
Problem arise when we cannot "see" how to do use a device
make relevant parts visible
make what has to be done
obvious
It is possible to determine what actions are possible and the current state of the device
Signifiers
Using suitable signifiers improves discoverability, communication, and understanding of feedback.
Sign to explain what to do
signal things, in particular what actions are
possible and how they should be done
Feedback
Sending Information back to the user about what has been done
Needs to be immediate and synchronized with user action
After an action has been executed, it is easy to determine the new state.
Mapping
Relationship between controls and their movements and the results in the world
Improve spatial arrangement and temporal continuity to maximize effectiveness.
Conceptual Model
A conceptual model is the mental model that people carry of how something should be done.
The conceptual model enhances
both discoverability and evaluation of results
Mental models are what people really have in their heads and what guides their use of things
The designer designs a conceptual model into the system in
order for it to appear graspable and coherent to the user
