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Urban land uses and how they affect climate change - Coggle Diagram
Urban land uses and how they affect climate change
Power generation
-Largest single contributor to greenhouse gas emissions
-80% of factories run on fossil fuels such as oil, coal, natural gas.
Industrial processes
Chemical plants, metal production factories, petrochemical plants and other heavy industry
Responible for 16.8% of greenhouse gas emissions
Fuels for transport
Cars and trucks (Essential for industrial activity and transportation of good/services)
Deforestation
Happening to make way for urban and industrial development
Vegetation absorbs the carbon which helps to reduce the amount in the atmosphere
Burning of vegetation results in the further release of unwanted gases
Consumer goods
Solvents
Refrigerants
Fire retardants
Aerosol application
(The above emitting halocarbons - a form of greenhouse gas/leading to breakdown of ozone layer)
Urban living consequences
Heating and cooling
Electrical goods
Waste disposal
Transport
'Mega cities' (Create a 'heat island effect' = large areas of bitumen and concrete increase heat. Large buildings trap heat and reducing a cooling effect)
Cement production
A major contributor - 3,300 million tonnes produced annually -Carbon dioxide is released by the chemical reaction to the heating of calcium carbonate. Further carbon dioxide is released through the production process.
Affect on climate change
Increase in heat energy between troposphere and the oceans.
Resulting in changes to ocean activity.
Including ocean temperature and location (El Nino/La Nina Effect) and therefore interferes with atmospheric circulation and hydrological cycle in terms of rainfall patterns.
Changes to the atmosphere will also result in
changes to air pressure and wind patterns
Atmospheric circulation contributes to global transfer of heat and water which will result in increased temperature and rainfall
Changes to transpiration and infiltration rates
(this is caused by the removal of vegetation/overuse of concrete). Resulting in a higher level of surface water runoff.
The imbalance of heat will
result in less ice and snow, leading to further heating.
Warmer temperatures also contribute to the increase of extreme weather events (cyclones and floods)
