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Freud - Coggle Diagram
Freud
background/context
Freud's theory: Freud believed that sexual impulses are present in the newborn child and they seek satisfaction through their own body. The five stages of psychosexual development are:
- Oral- The child is fascinated with putting things in their mouth. This can manifest through thumb sucking as a replacement for the sensation of breastfeeding
- Anal- This manifests usually during potty training when children keep their excrement inside them until they feel contractions
- Phallic- The child starts to see differences in male/female bodies. Boys fear girls were castrated for playing with their penis. The Oedipus complex arises.
- Latency- The child's interest is diverted to sports, friendships, hobbies, etc
- Genital- The intensity of their sexual desire increases but they move their desire to other people who resemble them
sample
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Described as a lively, cheerful baby. From the time Freud met him before the study
key terms
oedipus complex
Incestuous feelings supposedly felt by a son towards his mother, as well as the associated jealousy felt towards a father who is perceived as a rival.
castration anxiety
Part of the oedipus complex; a boy's fear, after seeing a naked female for the first time, that he will lose his penis
phobia
An anxiety disorder characterised by persistent fear out of proportion to the danger and a compelling desire to escape the situation
psychoanalysis
A form of therapy that is intensive and long-term and in which the aim is to alleviate distress by giving the patient insight into unconscious mental processes
conclusion
Freud claimed he had learned nothing new from studying little Hans' cause and that the study provided support for:
- His psychosexual stages of development theory
- Oedipus complex- little Hans wanted his father 'out the way' so that he could have the affections of his mother all to himself
- Phobias come from the unconscious- The fear of his father finding out about his desires was displaced into a fear of horses
procedure
- Letters- Hans' father recorded details of Hans' behaviours and conversations, and made his own interpretations. He would then send these in a weekly letter to Freud.
- Replies- Freud replies with his own interpretations of the behaviours and conversations, and would give guidance on what Hans' father should be discussing with Hans and which behaviours to look out for.
sampling method
Freud put out a call asking for friends and supporters to send information about their children's development
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advantages and disadvantages of gaining information about Hans' phobias, dreams, and fantasies through self-report
advantages
This meant Freud was able to find much more information about Han's thoughts, fantasies, dreams, and phobias which would not be possible through other methods
disadvantages
Little Hans' father may have asked deliberately leading questions and only reported certain conversations which support Freud's theory (for Hans may have lied himself)
findings- phobias
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Hans was afraid that when he was in the big bath his mother would let him go and his head would go under the water
Freudian interpretation- Interpreted as arising from a death wish against his sister Hanna. Hans hoped that his mum would drop her in so he would get his mum all to himself. Hans' anxiety about the bath was then seen as a fear that he would be punished for the death wish towards his sister
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findings- dreams/phobias
Hans was playing with his imaginary friends, explaining he was the children's daddy, that his mum was their mummy, and that his dad (Hans' father) was their grandaddy
Freudian interpretation- Suggesting a satisfactory conclusion to the Oedipus complex which allowed little Hans to be with his mother, but without having to kill his father off
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After being given his bath, Hans was being powdered around his penis by his mother, who was taking care not to touch it. Hans asked "Why don't you put your finger there?" with her reply being "Because it's not proper".
ethnocentrism
The experiences of a middle-class child in Austria are unlikely to be typical of children in less privileged parts of the world
Phobias are common in children across the world, perhaps the findings can be applied to children from all cultures
aim
To provide evidence for psychosexual development theory using psychoanalysis of dreams and fantasies of a child 'Little Hans' with nervous disorder