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Ethics and evolution of policing - Coggle Diagram
Ethics and evolution of policing
Earliest beginnings stemmed from citizens taking justice in their own hands
London Metropolitan Police Act (1829)
By Sir Robert Peel - "father of modern policing"
Degree of cooperation of the public that can be secured diminishes proportionately to the necessity of use of physical force
Police seek and preserve public favor by demonstrating impartial service to the law
Police obtain willing cooperation of public in voluntary observation of the law to be able to secure and maintain respect of the public
Police use physical force to extent necessary to secure observance of the law and to restore order only when the use of persuasion, advice and warning is found to be insufficient
Ability of police to perform their duties is reliant on public approval
Police should maintain a relationship with the public that gives reality to the historic tradition that the police are the public and the public are the police
Police should always direct their action towards their functions, and never appear to usurp the powers of the judiciary
The test of police efficiency is the absence of crime and disorder, not the visible evidence of police action in dealing with it
Basic mission of police: to prevent crime and disorder
Eras of American policing
Reform/Professional Era (1900-1970s)
Defined policing as profession
Raised personnel standards
Derived authority from laws and the Constitution
Chain of command
Use of motorized patrol and dispatch information
Community Policing Era (1970s to present)
Community policing elements
Foot patrol
Neighborhood mini stations/community centers
Police organizing/outreach strategies
Shared responsibility
Discretion
Crime prevention
Neighborhood Watch
Political Era (1830s-1900)
Two of the first cities to hire police force
Philadelphia
New York
People hired and fired by alderman/lots of bias and bribery
Still highly disorganized
Values-learned perspective
Exposure to deviant individuals increased likelihood of engaging in similar deviant/criminal behaviors
Code of silence techniques
Denial of the victim
Condemnation of condemners
Denial of injury
Appeal to higher loyalty
Denial of responsibilty
Rational choice perspective of learning behavior
Deterrence include celerity, certainty and severity of the punishment
Weighing rewards and punishments of deviance
Rewarding good behavior and reprimanding the poor behavior
Remedy problems once they occur
"Six Pillars of Character"
Responsibility
Fairness
Respect
Caring
Trustworthiness
Citizenship
Not accepting bribes