Urban development in the Favelas of Rio de Janeiro
Topographic considerations
Social dynamics
(Structure of society)
Immigration and population influx
History and the urbanisation process (Slavery, industrialization)
Politics & Administration
(UPPs)
Sustainable urban development
Cultural progress in informal settlements
Urban Renewal & the Favela-Bairro programme
Access to basic utilities and requirements
(Water, electricity, and sanitation)
Financial Investment
Environmental fragility
Water: Urban runoff and industrial waste water continue to contaminate water bodies and worsen the drinking water crisis.
Garbage Disposal: Improver disposal and system frameworks mean that alarmingly high volumes of garbage end of up on the street, polluting natural and human communities. There is an evident lack of dependable sewage systems.
Air: Air pollution, despite primarily stemming from congested urban regions and city centers, continues to affect the favellas as well.
About 6% of Brazil's population reside in favelas, which was a leading cause several urban renewal plans, including the Favela-Bairro program. It aimed to integrate existing favelas into the fabric of the city through improvements in infrastructure and services. It would aim to transform the region from a "a slum to a neighborhood".
Encroaching that now occurs on fragile natural systems may lead to heavy consequences in the future. Lang regularization is essential.
The alarmingly high rates of disorganized crime in certain favelas have been driven by the highly powerful and prevalent drug cartels that effectively administer these regions. While the lack of government involvement gives birth to a unique administrative dynamic, it has also led to a heightened presence of such gangs
This was met with the government by the deployment of UPPs, special police forces that aid in the pacification of such favelas, through military means. While they may have brought a degree of stability, it is widely accepted that they have also aggravated the situation, leading to violence and death.
The uncommon administrative dynamic means that communities in the favelas of Rio de Janeiro have grown to be closely-knit with a sense of common purpose. This has been seen with the evolution of vibrant initiatives and community led NGOs. The heightened collaboration has truly been a sight to see with several art-centric museums being established for free expression.
Over time, the heightened presence of drug cartels has caused the eruption of violence and death in these communities, making life highly unsafe. However, governments and police have, to an extent, failed to regulate these with the pacification programs in certain areas, due to the level of violence and discrimination displayed by police.
Within the favelas, which are widely considered to be LEDCs, tourism remains a highly promising prospect for the economic growth of the region. Despite the hurdles of security and infrastructure, it acts an avenue for the holistic growth of such regions, while overcoming the neglect often displayed by the government.
The cycle of urban renewal appears to be a promising approach for financial investment in the region. With the initiation of public investment, it will become increasingly likely for the favelas of Rio de Janeiro to feature the boom of several promising industries, assuring external private investment.
With most houses not receiving proper electricity, the method in which has been done has become increasingly hazardous with locals physically disrupting cable connections. The exploration of more renewable forms of energy production may aid in providing sufficient electricity to each house in a favela.
The lack of clean water and sanitation has been extremely alarming for the sheer health of the locals. The clear demarcating of road surfaces and routes may provide the ability for the establishment of drinking water and sewage line connections. The drinking water could also be positioned from elevated points to reduce energy requirements.
Population growth has often been synonymous with economic growth in regard to the fact that it emphasizes on greater production and consumption within the regions themselves. However, in already dense regions such as the favelas of Rio de Janeiro, where resources are already extremely scarce, it spells more trouble, given that it places immense pressure on economic, social, and environmental resources.
The informal settlements have seen a meteoric rise in population with its share of population in the city rising from an estimated 7% in 1950 to about 22% in 2010.
The preservation of current environmental conditions of the hilly and dynamic favelas has become a large priority over time. For effective sustainable development, future plans could include the use of materials such as low-carbon concrete, focusing on mixed-use development within more confined spaces and incorporating local communities into development plans.
Renewable forms of energy generation and easily incorporable transport facilities must be developed.
The informal settlements in the favelas of Rio de Janeiro evolved as a result of slavery having been highly prevalent in the region. With the freeing of slaves primarily being an external display, affected individuals faced extreme discrimination, and lacked the economic ability. Later on, in the backdrop of industrialization, the lower affordability of the urban areas in the city led to more constructing their own abodes in these hilly regions.
Cultural vibrancy remains at the heart of communities within the favelas, given the diversity of individuals who reside in the particular area. Communities are more closely-knit with more cooperation for the gradual development and sustenance of these areas.
This has been one of the leading reasons why the relocating of individuals from the favelas has proven not to be a viable plan of action for the sustainable development of the region.
While evaluating possible development in the favelas of Rio de Janeiro it has proven to be essential for topographic and geomorphic considerations to be made. Not only do they significantly affect the terrain and possible construction in those regions. With vulnerability to damage often increasing with vertical position and the sloping of the region, such factors allow for sustainable development to be made.
By: Aditya Raghav Sunkara