Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Design Principles & Definitions - Coggle Diagram
Design Principles & Definitions
1. Design Decision
Flexibility-Usability Trade Off
Refers to when the system's flexibility increases, its usability lowers.
When an audience has an understanding of their wants, use customized designs to effectively address those needs.
When an audience's needs are unclear, use flexible designs to cover a wide range of potential applications.
Flexible designs can perform more functions than specialized designs, but they perform the functions less efficiently.
Form Follows Function
Refers to beauty in design results from purity of function
Interpreted in two ways
Descriptive Interpretation
-Beauty results from the purity of function
Prescriptive Interpretation
-That aesthetic considerations in design should be secondary to functional considerations
Performance Versus Preference
Refers to the design that help people perform optimally are often not the same as the designs that people find most desireable
Determine the relative value of performance and preference. Focus groups, interviews, and survey methods seek to understand people's preferences.
Observing people engage with a design in real-world scenarios is the most effective way to gather accurate performance and preference guidelines.
Ockham's Razor
Given a choice between functionally equivalent designs, the simplest design should be selected.
Ockham's razor suggests that removing unneeded parts reduces design efficiency and increases the chance of unforeseen results.
Asserts tha simplicity is preffered to complexity in design
2. Design And Perception
Proximity
Reduces design complexity and strengthens element relationships.
states that components that are near each other are viewed as a single group and are interpreted as having more relationships than components that are farther apart.
Color
used in design to draw attention, organize pieces, express information, and improve aesthetics.
Color combinations
Achieve aesthetic color combinations
color wheel such as analogous, complementary, triadic
Number of colors
Use a palette of no more than five colours, depending on the design complexity.
Saturation
Saturated color attracting attention
Desaturated color focus on performance and efficiency
Symbolism
different cultures attach different meanings to colors
Iconic Representation
The use of pictorial images to improve the recognition
Reduce performance load, conserves display and control area
Visibility
States that the usability of a system is improves when its status and methods of use are clearly visible
Highlighting
A technique for bringing attention to an area of text or image
Highlight no more that 10 percent of the visible design
Bold, Italics and underlining, add minimal noise
3. Design And Learning
Readability
The degree to which prose can be understood, based on the complexity of words and sentences
determined by factors such as word length, word commonality, sentence length, number of clauses in a sentence, and number of syllables in a sentence.
Picture Superiority Effect
Pictures are remembered better than words
improve the recognition and recall of key
information
Use pictures and words together, and ensure that they reinforce the same information for optimal effect
Chunking
The technique of chunking seeks to accommodate short-term memory limits by formatting information into a small number of units.
when people are required to recall and retain information, or when information is used for problem solving
Mnemonic Device
used to reorganize information so that the information is simpler and more meaningful.
useful for remembering names of new things, large amounts of rote information, and sequences of events or procedures
etc: First-Letter, Keyword, Rhyme
4.Design And Usability
Confirmation
A technique for preventing unintended actions by requiring verification of the actions before they are performed.
using a two-step operation involves a preliminary step that must occur before the actual command or input
using a dialog involves establishing a verbal interaction with the person using the system
Hick's Law
states that the time required to make a decision is a function of the number of available options
As the complexity of the tasks increases, the applicability of Hick's Law decreases
Forgiveness
Helps prevent errors before they occur,
minimizes the negative consequences of errors when they do occur
Provide a sense of security and stability
Progressive Disclosure
An approach for managing information complexity involves displaying only necessary or requested information at any moment.
Organising information into layers and showing the relevant ones.
manage complexity without becoming confused, frustrated, or disoriented.
5.Design And Appeal
Symmetry
Reflection Symmetry
Rotation Symmetry
A property of visual equivalence among elements in a form
Translation symmetry
Tend to be seen as figure images, receice more attention
convey balance, harmony, and stability
Alignment
Placement of elements such that edges line up along common rows or columns, or their bodies along common center
Left-aligned and right-aligned text blocks
Presents a clear, visual cue against other elements
Entry Point
A point of physical or attentional entry into a design
should allow people to survey available options clearly
Barriers should not encumber entry points