SANS 2 PANS

Parasympatholytic

Parasympathomimetic

Sympathomimetic

Sympatholytic

Anti-cholinergic

Sympathetic Nervous System

Adrenergic agonists

Side effects

Adrenergic fibers

Fight or flight

Effects on the body

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Effects on the body

Heart: decreased heart rate and blood pressure

Lungs: bronchoconstriction

Salivary glands: produce saliva

Intestines: increased GI motility

Eyes: constrict

Bladder: contracts

Rest and Digest

Long preganglionic fibers that release Acetylcholine

Short postganglionic fibers that release Acetylcholine

Preganglionic fibers originate in brainstem

Target various areas of the body

Side effects

Increase heart rate

Dilate pupils

Cholinergic drugs

Side effects

Increased mucus production, which leads to coughing

Defecation/Diarrhea

Salivation increases

Stomach pains

Decreased pupil size

Cramping

Short preganglionic fibers that release Acetylcholine

Preganglionic fibers originate in thoracic lumbar region of spinal cord

Liver: increase blood glucose

Intestines: slow GI motility

Lungs: bronchodilation

Bladder: relaxes

Heart: tachycardia, increased blood pressure

Uterus: relaxes

Salivary glands: less salivation

Sweating

Eyes: dilate

Long postganglionic fibers that release Norepinephrine and Epinephrine

Cholinergic fibers

Drug examples

Increased glucose

Nervous/jittery

Increased heart rate

Dry mucous membranes

Norepinephrine (Levophed): increases blood pressure

Epinephrine (Epi-pen): increases bronchodilation

Dopamine: increases blood pressure and cardiac output

Beta 2 Adrenergic agonists: usually inhaled, used to treat COPD and asthma

Drug examples

Side effects

Drugs to treat HTN, anxiety

Bronchoconstriction

Decreased blood pressure

Decreased heart rate

Produce similar effects, just in different ways

Produce similar effects, just in different ways

Direct-Acting

Indirect-Acting

Bethanechol: treats urinary retention

Pilocarpine (Isopto Carpine): glaucoma

Pilocarpine (Salagen): xerostomia

Physostigmine: Drug overdoses

Neostigmine: Myasthenia gravis

Pyridostigmine: Myasthenia gravis

Edrophonium: Diagnosis of myasthenia gravis

Donepezil: Mild to severe AD dementia

Galantamine: Mild to moderate AD dementia

Malathion, paration: agricultural insecticides

Rivastigmine: Mild to moderate AD dementia

Urination

Lacrimation

Contraindication

Bronchial asthma

Hyperthyroidism

Gastrointestinal tract or urinary tract obstruction

Severe cardiac disease

Myasthenia gravis treated with neostigmine

Contraindications

Uncontrolled hypertesion

Angina

Hyperthyroidism

a-Adrenergic Antagonists

Phentolamine

Phenoxybenzamine

Prazosin

B-Adrenergic Antagonists

Propranolol

Acebutolol

Atenolol

a and B-Adrenergic Antagonists

Labetalol

Contraindications

Glaucoma

Intestinal or Urinary obstruction or retention

Cardiovascular Disease

Prostatic hypertrophy

Drug Examples

Tertiary

Atropine: natural alkaloids

Dicyclomine (bentyl): synthetic esters

Quaternary

Ipratropium (Atrovent HFA): Esters

Vasoselective

Tolterodine

Detrol LA

Oxybutynin

Ditropan XL

Oxytrol

Gelnique

Trospium chloride & XR

Toviaz

Enablex-Darifenacin

VESIcare (Solifenacin)

Antimuscarinic agents

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