SANS 2 PANS
Parasympatholytic
Parasympathomimetic
Sympathomimetic
Sympatholytic
Anti-cholinergic
Sympathetic Nervous System
Adrenergic agonists
Side effects
Adrenergic fibers
Fight or flight
Effects on the body
Parasympathetic Nervous System
Effects on the body
Heart: decreased heart rate and blood pressure
Lungs: bronchoconstriction
Salivary glands: produce saliva
Intestines: increased GI motility
Eyes: constrict
Bladder: contracts
Rest and Digest
Long preganglionic fibers that release Acetylcholine
Short postganglionic fibers that release Acetylcholine
Preganglionic fibers originate in brainstem
Target various areas of the body
Side effects
Increase heart rate
Dilate pupils
Cholinergic drugs
Side effects
Increased mucus production, which leads to coughing
Defecation/Diarrhea
Salivation increases
Stomach pains
Decreased pupil size
Cramping
Short preganglionic fibers that release Acetylcholine
Preganglionic fibers originate in thoracic lumbar region of spinal cord
Liver: increase blood glucose
Intestines: slow GI motility
Lungs: bronchodilation
Bladder: relaxes
Heart: tachycardia, increased blood pressure
Uterus: relaxes
Salivary glands: less salivation
Sweating
Eyes: dilate
Long postganglionic fibers that release Norepinephrine and Epinephrine
Cholinergic fibers
Drug examples
Increased glucose
Nervous/jittery
Increased heart rate
Dry mucous membranes
Norepinephrine (Levophed): increases blood pressure
Epinephrine (Epi-pen): increases bronchodilation
Dopamine: increases blood pressure and cardiac output
Beta 2 Adrenergic agonists: usually inhaled, used to treat COPD and asthma
Drug examples
Side effects
Drugs to treat HTN, anxiety
Bronchoconstriction
Decreased blood pressure
Decreased heart rate
Produce similar effects, just in different ways
Produce similar effects, just in different ways
Direct-Acting
Indirect-Acting
Bethanechol: treats urinary retention
Pilocarpine (Isopto Carpine): glaucoma
Pilocarpine (Salagen): xerostomia
Physostigmine: Drug overdoses
Neostigmine: Myasthenia gravis
Pyridostigmine: Myasthenia gravis
Edrophonium: Diagnosis of myasthenia gravis
Donepezil: Mild to severe AD dementia
Galantamine: Mild to moderate AD dementia
Malathion, paration: agricultural insecticides
Rivastigmine: Mild to moderate AD dementia
Urination
Lacrimation
Contraindication
Bronchial asthma
Hyperthyroidism
Gastrointestinal tract or urinary tract obstruction
Severe cardiac disease
Myasthenia gravis treated with neostigmine
Contraindications
Uncontrolled hypertesion
Angina
Hyperthyroidism
a-Adrenergic Antagonists
Phentolamine
Phenoxybenzamine
Prazosin
B-Adrenergic Antagonists
Propranolol
Acebutolol
Atenolol
a and B-Adrenergic Antagonists
Labetalol
Contraindications
Glaucoma
Intestinal or Urinary obstruction or retention
Cardiovascular Disease
Prostatic hypertrophy
Drug Examples
Tertiary
Atropine: natural alkaloids
Dicyclomine (bentyl): synthetic esters
Quaternary
Ipratropium (Atrovent HFA): Esters
Vasoselective
Tolterodine
Detrol LA
Oxybutynin
Ditropan XL
Oxytrol
Gelnique
Trospium chloride & XR
Toviaz
Enablex-Darifenacin
VESIcare (Solifenacin)
Antimuscarinic agents
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