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Changes in Administration,social&Cultural spheres - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Ryotwari / Munro System
        
        Indigo plantation
        
        How was indigo cultivated?
        
        The “Blue Rebellion” and After
        
        set up the Indigo Commission to inquire into the system of indigo production.
        It declared that indigo production was not profitable for ryots. The Commission asked the ryots to fulfil their existing contracts but also told them that they could refuse to produce indigo in future.
        After the revolt, indigo production collapsed in Bengal
        
        In 1859 thousands of ryots in Bengal refused to grow indigo. As the rebellion spread, ryots refused to pay rents to the planters and attacked indigo factories.
        
        Indian indigo was being used by cloth manufacturers in Italy, France and Britain to dye cloth.
        
        Britain force Indian cultivators to grow Indigo.
        
        two main systems of indigo cultivation – nij and ryoti .
        Nij: the planter produced indigo in lands that he directly controlled.
        Ryoti system: the planters forced the ryots to sign a contract, an agreement (satta).
        Indigo, moreover, had deep roots and it exhausted the soil rapidly. After an indigo harvest, the land could not be sown with rice.
        
        Earlier Captain Alexander Read and later Thomas Munro
      - Holt Mackenzie,1822
      - The charge of collecting the revenue and paying it to the Company was given to the village headman, rather than the zamindar. This system came to be known as the mahalwari settlement.
- - - - What Were the New Towns Like?
        
        Urbanisation, a change since 1857
        
        After the Revolt of 1857 British attitudes in India was shaped by a constant fear of rebellion.
        They felt that towns needed to be better defended, and white people had to live in more secure and segregated enclaves and new urban spaces called “Civil Lines” were set
        White people began to live in the Civil Lines. Cantonments – places where Indian troops under European command were stationed – were also developed as safe enclaves. These areas were separate from but attached to the Indian towns.
        From the 1860s and 1870s, stringent administrative measures regarding sanitation were implemented and building activity in the Indian towns was regulated. Underground piped water supply and sewerage and drainage systems were also put in place around this time. Sanitary vigilance thus became another way of regulating Indian towns.
        
        After the 1850s, cotton mills were set up by Indian merchants and entrepreneurs in Bombay, and European-owned jute mills were established on the outskirts of Calcutta. This was the beginning of modern industrial development in India.
        Calcutta, Bombay and Madras grew into large cities, but this did not signify any dramatic economic growth for colonial India as a whole.
        India never became a modern industrialised country, since discriminatory colonial policies limited the levels of industrial development.
        The majority of the working population in these cities belonged to what economists classify as the tertiary sector.
        There were only two proper “industrial cities”: Kanpur, specialising in leather, woollen and cotton textiles, and Jamshedpur, specialising in steel.
      - Earlier these three centres (Calcutta, Bombay and madras)functioned as collection depots for the export of Indian manufacturers such as cotton
        But now become the entry point for British-manufactured goods and for the export of Indian raw materials.
        The introduction of railways in 1853 meant a change in the fortunes of towns.
        Economic activity gradually shifted away from traditional towns which were located along old routes and rivers.
- - - - Royal labour comission,1892
        
        Working men's club & papaer bharat shramjeebi by sasipada banerjee- Bengal
        
        Bombay Mill hands Association& paper deenabandu
        
        by NM Lokanadhey
        
        Bombay Mill Hands Defence Association
        
        by Tilak
        
        Men's mission
        
        Brahmo samaj
        
        1 more item...
        
        First trade union in India, Madras Labor Union
        
        2 more items...
- - - - Indian textiles such as cotton,
        linen, silk and woolen goods already had markets in Asia and Africa.
        India from being an exporter of clothes
        became an exporter of raw cotton and an importer of British clothes.
        migrated to rural areas to work on their lands as agricultural laborers. This in
        turn put increased pressure on the rural economy and livelihood.
        
        de-industrialisation.
    - - Lord Cornwallis ----- Permanent Settlement in Bengal and Bihar in 1793.
        1822, Mahalwari Settlement-----North Western
        Provinces, Punjab, the Ganga Valley and parts of Central India
        Ryotwari Settlement -----Bombay and Madras Presidencies
    - - indigo cultivation
    - - the peasants failed to pay back the loan with
        full interest.
        lands gradually passed into the hands of the money-lending
        class.
        Helped the money lendors
    - - English education
    - - railways were set up for the advantage of British trade, they also played
        an important role in the national awakening of the country.
        extensive transport network and improved education brought
        people and ideas closer.
        During British rule, India took ideas of liberty, equality, human rights, science and
        technology from the West. This accelerated the process of modernisation
- - - - Savitri Bhai Phule and her husband--- 1st girls school,Balhatya Prathi Bandhak gruha.
      - Ramambai Ranade-- Poona Seva.
      - Tarabai Shinde wrote stree purusha tulana.
      - Swarnakumari devi-- founder of Sakhi samithi,1st female of congress
      - kadmabini gangulya--1st female of congress ,in medicine practice .
      - Panditha Ramabhai Saraswathi--Sharda sadan arya Mahila Samaj.
      - Women's India Association- president Annie Besent, members-- Kamladevi chattopodayay,Muthulakshmi Reddy.
      - Bharat Stree mandal-- Sarla bhai Chaudarani.
      - All Indian women congress -- margret Cousins.
      - Sarojini Naidu -- women voiting rights in 1917.
  - - - Jonathan Duncan- Sanskrit College at Banaras(1794),