Alcohol Types 🔥
Primary Alcohols
Tertiary Alcohols
Secondary Alcohols
Examples: Ethanol, Methanol
Examples: Isopropanol, Butanol
Example: Tert-butanol
Dehydration Reaction
Esterification Reaction
Oxidation Reaction
Reagents: Carboxylic acid and a catalyst (e.g., concentrated sulfuric acid, H2SO4)
Product: Ester
Example: Ethanol (CH3-CH2-OH) + Acetic Acid (CH3COOH) → Ethyl Acetate (CH3COOCH2CH3) + Water
Reagent: Acidified potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7/H2SO4)
Product: Aldehyde
Example: Ethanol (CH3-CH2-OH) → Ethanal (CH3-CHO)
Conditions: Heat with a strong acid (e.g., sulfuric acid, H2SO4)
Product: Alkene
Example: Ethanol (CH3-CH2-OH) → Ethene (CH2=CH2) + H2O
Dehydration Reaction
Substitution Reaction
Oxidation Reaction
Reagent: Acidified potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7/H2SO4)
Product: Ketone
Example: Isopropanol (CH3-CHOH-CH3) → Acetone (CH3-CO-CH3)
Conditions: Heat with a strong acid (e.g., sulfuric acid, H2SO4)
Product: Alkene
Example: Isopropanol (CH3-CHOH-CH3) → Propene (CH2=CH-CH3) + H2O
Conditions: Tertiary alcohols favor this reaction.
Product: Formation of an alkyl halide
Example: Isopropanol (CH3-CHOH-CH3) → Isopropyl Chloride (CH3-CHCl-CH3)
Substitution Reaction
Dehydration Reaction
Conditions: Heat with a strong acid (e.g., sulfuric acid, H2SO4)
Product: Alkene
Example: Tert-butanol ((CH3)3C-OH) → 2-Methylpropene ((CH3)2C=CH2) + H2O
Conditions: Tertiary alcohols favor this reaction.
Product: Formation of an alkyl halide
Example: Tert-butanol ((CH3)3C-OH) → Tert-butyl Chloride ((CH3)3C-Cl)