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Meconium aspiration syndrome - Coggle Diagram
Meconium aspiration syndrome
characteristics
Respiratory distress in newborn infants
born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid
Usually
The child is full term or post term.
Its integuments are soiled with greenish meconium.
The notion of fetal distress is generally patent.
Radiology
Findings
Streaky, linear densities
The lungs typically appear hyperinflated with flattening of the diaphragms.
Diffuse patchy densities may alternate with areas of expansion.
Alveolar opacities in coarse clumps irregularly distributed.
Associated with clear areas of localized obstructive emphysema or atelectasis.
Treatment
Supportive care
• O2 associated with early and repeated respiratory physiotherapy
If indicated for ventilation➔conventional mechanical ventilation or better still high frequency ventilation
Early instillation (before 6thhour of life) of surfactant may be indicated.
Preventive
immediate systematic Intubation for tracheal suction is no longer indicated.
Since 2015, meconium fluid is no longer a contraindication to mask ventilation even if the newborn is not vigorous
Head-to-vulva pharyngeal suction has not proven effective.
Complications
Pneumothorax.
Refractory hypoxia.
Infection.
Neurological sequelae + hypoxia.
Clinical findings
Immediately after birth , the newborn appears in great distress "drowned".
Auscultation perceives moist rattles and crackles in both pulmonary fields.
The thorax is often bulging.
Associated neurological abnormalities indicate cerebral suffering