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meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) - Coggle Diagram
meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS)
Definition
Aspirated during fetal gasping or in the initial breaths
after delivery
causes pulmonary injury
airway obstruction
inflammation
hypoxemias
Clinical signs
great distress/ "drowned"
auscultation perceives moist rattles and crackles in both pulmonary fields
thorax is often bulging
neurological abnormalities indicate cerebral suffering
Radiological findings
streaky, linear densities
lungs typically appear hyperinflated with flattening of the diaphragms
Diffuse patchy densities may alternate with areas of expansion
Alveolar opacities in coarse clumps irregularly distributed
localized obstructive emphysema or atelectasis
Complications
Pneumothorax
Refractory hypoxia
Infection
Neurological sequelae + hypoxia
Outcome
The risk of mortality 1->4%
Long-term morbidity
reactive airway disease
neurodevelopmental impairment
Treatment
Preventive treatment
immediate systematic Intubation for tracheal suction
NOT SYSTEMATIC
mask ventilation
Head-to-vulva pharyngeal suction
supportive treatment
Respiratory support
O2 associated with early and repeated respiratory physiotherapy
conventional mechanical ventilation