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cardiovascular system elizabeth gomez-barajas p2 - Coggle Diagram
cardiovascular system elizabeth gomez-barajas p2
layers of the hearts
apex
extends to the fifth intercostal space
pericardium
membranous sac that encloses the heart
base
lies beneath the second rib
fibrous pericardium
outer tough connective tissue
serous pericardium - inner more delicate double layered
visceral pericardium (epicardium)
inner layer of the serous pericardium, covers the heart
pericardial cavity
space between the visceral and parietal layers, contains serous fluid for reducing friction between layers
parietal pericardium
outer layer of serous membrane, lines the inner surface of fibrous pericardium
epicardium (visceral pericardium)
outermost layer; serous membrane made up of connective tissue and epithelium; decreases friction in the heart
myocardium
middle layer; consists of cardiac muscle; thickest layer of the heart wall'pumps blood out of heart chambers
endocardium
inner layer; made up of connective tissue and epithelium; continous with endothelium of major vessels joining the heart; contains purkinje fibers
major components and functions of the blood
white blood cells
fighting infection
platelets
stoppage of bleeding
red blood cells
respiratory gas transport
plasma
the liquid matrix
structural and functional differences between blood vessels types
veins
carry blood towards the heart
arteries
carry blood away from the heart
vital signs
blood pressure (bp)
usually refers to arterial pressure
arterial pressure - rises and falls according to a pattern establish by the cardiac cycle
diastolic pressure
minimum arterial pressure reached during ventricular contraction (distole) just before the next contraction
systolic blood pressure
maximum arterial pressure reached during ventricular contraction (systole)
pulse
a rhythmical throbbing of the arteries as blood is propelled through them, typically as felt in the wrists or neck
abo, rh blood types
type a blood
has a antigens on rbc membranes, anti-b antibodies in the plasma
type b blood
has b antigens on rbc membranes, anti-a antibodies in the plasma
type ab blood
both a and b antigens on rbc membranes, neither type of antibodies in the plasma, universal recipient
type o blood
neither antigen on rbc membranes, both types of antibodies in the plasma, universal donor
antigens
a molecule that evokes an immune response
antibodies
a protein produced by the immune system to attack a specific antigen not found on the person´s own cells
agglutination
antibodies of one type will react with antigens of the same type
rh positive
rh factor (antigen d) is present on a person´s red blood cells
rh negative
if rh factor (antigen d) is absent
major functions of the cardiovascular system
capillaries
vessels that run between arteries and veins
systemic circuit
sends oxygen-rich blood to all body cells
veins
transport blood towards the heart
pulmonary circuit
oxygen-poor blood carried to the lungs
arteries
transport blood away from heart
heart
disorders of the cardio vascular system
cerebrovascular accident (stroke
blood flow to a portion of the brain is interrupted
endocarditis & myocarditis
inflammation of the heart
peripheral artery disease (pad)
arteries narrow and reduce blood flow to extremities
congenital heart disease
issue with heart structure and/or function since birth
myocardial infarction (heart attack)
blood flow to part of heart is blocked
major blood vessels
arteries
strong elastic vessels adapted to carrying high-pressure blood
veins
return blood to the heart
capillaries
blood vessels with the smallest diameter
anatomy of the hearts
papillary muscles
superior and inferior vena cava(e)
chordae tendinae
right atrium
left av(bicuspid or mitral) valve
coronary sinus
right av(tricuspid) valve
atrioventricular (av) valve
interventricular septum
right ventricle
thinner wall
semilunar valve
auricles
pulmonary semilunar valve
ventricles
aortic semilunar valve
atria
blood flow through the heart and body
pulmonary trunk
pulmonary arteries
pulmonary valve
lungs
right ventricle
pulmonary veins
tricuspid valve
left atrium
right atrium
mitral valve
superior & inferior vena cava
left ventricle
body
aortic vlave
aorta
cardiac cycle and the ecg
cardiac cycle
atrial systole
atria contract
ventricular diastole
ventricles relax
ventricular systole
ventricles contract
atrial diastole
atria relax
ecg
qrs complex
corresponds to depolarization of ventricles, leads to contraction of the ventricles; repolarization of atria
t wave
corresponds to ventricular repolarization, leads to ventricular relaxation
p wave
first wave, corresponds to depolarization of the atria; leads to contraction of the atria