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Hyaline membrane disease OR Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) - Coggle…
Hyaline membrane disease OR Respiratory
distress syndrome (RDS)
Definition
caused primarily by deficiency of
pulmonary surfactant in an immature lung
common problem in preterm infants
major cause of morbidity and
mortality
clinical findings
Tachypnea
Nasal flaring
Expiratory grunting
Intercostal, subxiphoid, and subcostal retractions
Cyanosis
Radiology
Diffuse reticulogranular ground glass appearance with air bronchograms
Pulmonary edema
Possible pneumothorax
4 stages of the disease
There is a parallelism between the severity of the disease and the intensity of the radiological signs
Stage I
: Fine granites in the pulmonary fields
Stage II
: I + air bronchogram visible outside the cardiac silhouette
Stage III
II + blurring or partial erasure of the contours of the heart or
diaphragm
Stage IV
White lungs
Low lung volumes
Complications
mechanical complications
interstitial emphysema
pneumomediastinum
pneumothorax
Pulmonary hemorrhage
The risk of infection
Persistence of patency of the ductus arteriosus
Treatment
Exogenous surfactant
Oxygen therapy
Ventilation by NCPAP
Conventional mechanical ventilation with high positive expiratory pressure
Nitric oxide
Preventive treatment: Administration of corticosteroids to the mother antenatally if
premature delivery before 34 weeks