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clinical psychology paper 3! - Coggle Diagram
clinical psychology paper 3!
explanations of OCD
BIOLOGICAL EXPLANATIONS
Dopamine:
high levels of dopamine suggests that if you increase dopamine levels in rates, they will show repetitive moments that reflect their compulsive behaviour's
Seretonin:
when having lower levels than normal research shows that taking anti depressant's that specifically work on seretonin such SSRI'S can increase the levels of seretonin
Oxytocin:
there is both evidence found that oxytocin does relate to the disorder however there is also evidence that there is no link between oxytocin and the disorder
Genetics:
having the disorder can be due to genetics in the family and if family members have had the disorder and that the chances of getting it are higher if someone in your family has it
BEHAVIOURAL EXPLANATIONS
Operant Conditioning:
having an obsession such as germs can lead to always washing your hands which has become a
negative reinforcer
because it has relieved something unpleasant. It is also a
postive reinforcer
because the person feels rewarded that they washed their hands. These are
learned behaviours
COGNITIVE EXPLANATIONS
Thinking Error:
means
faulty thinking
, for example the belief that germs can kill you is due to faulty thinking. This can worsen when under pressure or stressful situations. Compulsive behaviour's are the outcome of erroneous thinking
PSYCHOLOGICAL EXPLANATIONS
Freud:
internal conflict with the
ID and Ego
, happens during the
anal stage
, involves tension between children and parents who wish to control when an dhow the child unrinates, this leads to the child being
anally expulsive
REBT
AIM:
for the individual to challenge their depressive thoughts by interpreting them in a positive way, helps prevent negative thinking
Pyromania
the urge to deliberately set fires, gains satisfaction and arousal from it, indifferent to the consequences
characteristics of Bipolar Disorder
high energy, excitement, and euphoria over a sustained period of time
extreme change in moods and cognition which interfere with everday activities
mania is the main feature of the disorder
TYPE1:
defined by the occurrence of one manic or mixed episode
TYPE 2:
defined by the occurrence of one or more hyper manic episode and one depressive episode
- manic episode:
when you feel both high and low, experience symptoms of depression and feeling energised yet irritable
- hypomanic episode:
periods of over active and high energy which can effect your every day to day life, last for a shorter period than a manic episode, usually lasts a few days
advantages and disadvantages of mood disorder Diagnostic Criteria
Becks depression inventory
advantages:
standardise procedure, high internal validity
disadvantages:
low reliability, self report measure, high demand characteristics
Glover Study
case study
on 56 year old woman, 14 year history of stealing baby shoes without having any gain, after the 19 month check up she had decreased desires of stealing, with only 1 relapse, improvements on self esteem and social life