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Cardiovascular Dana De Guzman period 3 - Coggle Diagram

- - - - Platelets (stops bleeding): fragments of large cells in bone marrow. helps repair damaged blood vessels. hemostasis, the stoppage of bleeding
        
        Red blood cells (respiratory transport): produced in bone marrow
  - - - Neutrophils: 50 to 70% of leukocytes: strong phagocytes
        
        Eosinophils: 1 to 3% of circulating leukocytes; kills parasites & inflammation
        
        Basophilis: 1% of leukocytes; promote inflammation by secreting herapin and histamine
        
        Agranulocytes: do not have granular cytoplasm, have a longer life-span
        
        Monocytes: 3 to 9% of circulating leukocytes; are strong phagocyte; migrate to some tissues and differentiate into macrophages
        
        Lymphocytes: Long-lived: 25 to 33% of circulating leukocytes; responsible for immunity; attack specific foreign pathogens
- - - - Type B: B antigens, anti-A antibodies
        
        Type AB: Both A & B antigens, neither antibodies. Universal recipient
        
        Type O: neither antigen both types of antibodies. Universal Donor
  - - - A+:A+,A-, O-, O+
        
        B-:B-, O-
        
        B+:B+, O-, O+
        
        AB-: AB-, A-, B-, O-
        
        AB+: AB+, AB, A-,A+, B-, B+, O-, O+
        
        O-:O-
        
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    - - RH blood groups is based on the presence or absence of the RH factor. People with Rh-positive can receive Rh-positive or Rh-negative blood. But Rh-negative people should get Rh-negative blood to avoid immune reactions.
      - Antigens: a molecule that evoke an immune response
        
        Antibody: a protein produced by the immune system to attack a specific antigen not found on the person's own cells
        
        Agglutination: when a person gets blood incompatible for them
- - - - Systemic circuit: sends oxygen-rich blood to all body cells, where it drops of oxygen and picks carbon dioxide
- - - - Apex: extends to the fifth intercostal space
        
        Auricles: projects from the atria
        
        Interventricular septum: separates the ventricle on the right from the left
        
        Atrioventricular valve: on each side for one way flow of both from atria to ventricle
        
        Chordae tendinae: attached to the papillary muscles in the inner wall of the heart; these muscles contract during ventricular contraction to prevent the back flow of blood through the AV valves
    - - Aorta has three branches. The brachiocephalic is the first branch, the second branch, the common carotid is the second, the left subclavian artery is the third
  - - - Lower chambers: right ventricle, left ventricle
    - - Tricuspid valve (between right atrium and right ventricle), bicuspid (between left atrium, left ventricle), aortic valve, Pulmonary valve (between right ventricle and pulmonary artery)
- - - - Serous pericardium: inner, more delicate, double-layered
        
        Parietal pericardium: the outer layer of the serous membrane, which lines the surface of the fibrous pericardium
        
        Visceral pericardium (Epicardium): the inner layer of the serous membrane, that covers the heart
        
        Pericardial cavity: the space between the visceral and parietal layers, which contains serous fluid for reducing friction between layers
  - - - Endocardium: the inner layer; made up of connective tissue and epithelium; continuous with the endothelium of major vessels joining the heart; contains the Purkinje fibers (part of the cardiac conduction system)
- - - - Then ventricular systole contract while Atrial diastole relaxes
  - - - Atrial sycncytium
        
        junctional fibers
        
        AV node
        
        AV bundle: from the AV node, impulse pass to the AV bundle and travel down the interventricular system
        
        Bundle branches
        
        Pukinje fibers: bundle brances give off the purkinje fiers, which spread impulses to the ventricular wall and papillary muscles
        
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    - - P wave: the first wave, which corresponds to the depolarization of the atria; this leads to the contraction of the atria
        
        ORS complex: corresponds to the depolarization of the ventricles, which leads to contraction of the ventricles; the repolarization of the atria occurs during the QRS complex, but is hidden the larger ventricular event
        
        T wave: corresponds to the ventricular repolarization and leads to ventricular relaxation
- - - - Carotid arteries: supplies blood to the brain
        
        Femoral vessels: supplies blood to the lower limb
- - - - BP higher in arteriolar end of capillaries than in the venular end
  - - - BP ia no greater than 120/80 (systolic/diastolic) at rest is considered normal
- - - - Cerebrovascular accident (Stroke): blood flow to a portion of the brain is interrupted
        
        Endocarditis & Myocarditis: inflammation of the heart
        
        Congenital heart disease: issue with heart structure/function present from birth
        
        Tricuspid atresia, aortic steprosis
        
        dependent on condition, cyanosis common, may cause death
        
        meds, surgical intervention, some abnormalities may heal on their own
        
        virus, bacterial, or fungal infection. Allergic reaction to meds or allergen, recent surgery
        
        Heart palpitations, chest pain, fatigue
        
        antibiotics, medication, diuretics
        
        clogged arteries, aneurysm, age/race
        
        Severe headache, memory loss, muscle weakness
        
        Blood thinners, surgical intervention, thrombolytics
      - atherosclerosis, limb trauma, obesity
        
        Leg and arm pain, hair loss on arms, weak pulse
        
        Meds, lifestyle changes, bypass surgery
    - - Chest pain, dizziness, sweating
        
        Nitroglycerin, thrombolytics, open head surgery
  - - - Treatment options